Fetal development can be followed by appropriate tests
The development of the fetus can be followed with the help of appropriate tests - the ultrasound is most often used (the so-called ultrasound scan). It is possible to confirm pregnancy and determine the age of the fetus, detect some visible abnormalities in development. This test is painless and also completely safe for mother and child.
Congenital fetal defects can also be detected, for example, by amniocentesis
The test consists in collecting fluid from the amniotic sac. A sample of the fluid surrounding the embryo is collected through the abdominal wall. In this fluid there are single cells of the fetus that are subjected to examination. The result is known after about three weeks.
Another test that allows early detection of malformations is a chorionic biopsy taken by the cervix.
Such examinations are recommended when there is a suspicion that the fetus may develop abnormally, eg if a genetic disorder appeared in the mother or father's family, the mother is over 40 years old or there is a probability of a serological conflict. Due to the probability of inducing miscarriage, this type of examination is carried out only when there is an absolute necessity.
Genetic defects
Certain diseases and malformations are not caused by external influences but are transmitted genetically. Such illnesses include color blindness (inability to distinguish certain colors and shades) and hemophilia (no blood clotting). Both of these diseases are more common in men. Their reason is genes located on the X chromosome. Fortunately, these are recessive (receding) genes, which means that the disease will not be revealed if the chromosome with the disappearing disease gene is accompanied by a "healthy" X chromosome that does not contain this gene. Because women have two X chromosomes, it's unlikely that two recessive genes will meet her. Only one out-going gene will not cause a disease in a woman - she will only be her carrier. If a man (having only one X chromosome) has a disease gene, then the one that is not masked by the "healthy" gene will cause its symptoms.
The recessive gene (but not located in the sex chromosomes) is caused by galactosemia and phenylketonuria.
Galactosemia lies in the inability to decompose sugar - galactose, whereas people with phenylketonuria do not have an enzyme that converts phenylalanine (one of the elements building a protein). Both of these diseases may be manifested as mental retardation. These diseases can not be cured - you can only prevent the emergence of their dangerous symptoms, excluding from the diet foods containing non-absorbable ingredients. A more serious disease, also determined at the time of fertilization, is Down's syndrome, caused by the presence of an additional chromosome. A healthy person has 46 chromosomes, a person with Down syndrome has 47. An additional chromosome in about 2/3 of cases is transmitted by the mother, the more often, the older the person is. In a 20-year-old woman, the probability of having a baby with this disadvantage is about 1: 2000, in the case of twice as much as the older, 40-year-old - already 1: 100. In children with Down's syndrome there are a number of irregularities, both psychological and physical, but proper care from the earliest years of life can in many cases significantly reduce the difference between a sick child and a healthy child.
The slogans were prepared on the basis of: Zbigniew Lew-Starowicz: Love and Sex. Encyclopedic dictionary. Wroclaw 1999
GUIDE OF ANTICONE
CHAPTER III; NATURAL METHODS IN ANTICONCEPTION
CHAPTER IV; PREZERVATIVES AND OTHER MECHANICAL ANTICONE METHODS
CHAPTER V; PLEMNIKOBÓJCZE - SPERMICYDY
CHAPTER VI; ANTICONCEPTIVE HORMONAL PILL
CHAPTER VII; INTERNAL WASHER - "SPIRALA"
CHAPTER VIII; ANTICONCEPTION AFTER RELATIONSHIP
CHAPTER IX; ANTICONCEPTION FROM THE PARTY PARTY
CHAPTER IX ANTICONE AND CHILD PLANNED
