We are exposed to annoyance of insects feeding on blood every year during the warm season. Every day, people who are particularly sensitive to mosquito bites, fangs, maws, bites, ticks and so-called generalized allergic reaction. The question arises - how to heal and mitigate the effects of these insect bites?
What insects are stinging dangerously for health?
We are attacked by over 200 species of insects feeding on the blood of mammals, including nearly 50 species of mosquitoes and as many species of fawns, muzzards and bugs as well as ticks.
TONGS
Ticks are arachnids
They usually occur on the outskirts of forests, especially "on the border" of deciduous and coniferous forests, on meadows and in the thickets of rivers and lakes. You need to know that the saliva tick has anesthetic properties and that's why we often do not feel bites. The tick is placed under the skin, where it can suck blood for a few days before it falls off. It is worth protecting in the forest clothing with particularly exposed places - hands, head, legs, and after returning home, look at the entire body.
Dangerous tick-borne infections
Infected ticks during the suction of blood and cell fluid carry viruses of meningitis (is a vaccine) and the brain, as well as bacteria that cause a dangerous disease called. Lyme disease, for which there is no vaccine
KOMARY, KUCZMANY, MESZKI
Mosquitos
These insects can be found in areas full of standing water, but also in damp forests, parks, gardens. They are also found in "dry" cities - mainly in May, June and August. In our climate they do not pose a greater threat, although their simultaneous pricks in several places in hypersensitive people, especially small children may be the cause of malaise and low-grade fever.
biting midges
Kuczmany are "miniatures" of mosquitoes (1-4 mm long). And just as mosquitoes start their activity in May. They attack mainly in the early morning and at dusk. However, unlike them, they can also get under clothing. Sometimes the stings of some species are dangerous, because these insects can infect with viruses that work, among others shockingly on the nervous system.
midges
Meadows are tiny (4-6 mm) insects, resembling bow ties, staying near shallow flowing waters.
The gnats are pricked almost all day, also in the day when the sun shines.
The bleeding trace after the stinging of the flies is very painful and persists for a long time, there is swelling (often with allergic reaction), sometimes a fever. A massive attack, and this happens in some areas, can cause extensive skin changes and even pulmonary edema that makes breathing difficult. This can lead to the death of an animal, as well as people, eg, left unattended babies. Therefore, the nap should be avoided "like a plague".
TREATING INSECTS
Typical bite symptoms (stings) by an insect
A typical symptom of the bite of an insect feeding on blood is a bubble, redness of the skin, itching, burning, sometimes pain. They generally pass before the end of one day, though some people can stay up to several days.
Local symptoms of stings
The bite of an insect feeding on blood also results in a sting, i.e. injection of venom. In the insect venom there are haemolytic substances. The penetration of these substances into the tissues of the skin causes a local infusion of inflammation mediators - histamine, prastaglandins, etc. Usually this histamine causes a strong inflammation causing swelling and redness.
Symptoms of mosquito stings
The reaction to the mosquito's venom releases the basic inflammation factor - histamine, which can trigger a sudden dilation of the blood vessels. This causes local swelling of tissue, urticaria, pruritus and pain at the site of the bite. On the surface of the skin there appears swelling and wheals in pale pink or porcelain white. Similar effects can be caused by bite of maws, grasshoppers, fleas, etc. The blisters grow quickly and generally disappear quickly if you are not allergic to their venom and bites. However, they can stay much longer if we begin to scratch intensely in stings or are allergic to insect venom. Unfortunately, people who are allergic can also come to the so-called generalized allergic reaction, which makes it necessary to use medications, e.g. locally acting anti-inflammatory preparations based on herbs (sanofil, etc.), and antihistamines or glucocorticoids.
The effects of bites and venom
A big threat to children, as well as adults, are bites and venom (saliva). The bleeding mark after the stinging of the flies is very painful and lasts for a long time. The consequence of the bite of the flies is sharp, extensive angioedema, often with allergic reaction and fever. The mechanism of action of the bite of a nap is not fully understood. However, the toxin contained in the saliva of insects is suspected of dissolving red blood cells and destroying tissues. Bites of mosquitoes and fluff in people susceptible to their venom may result in generalized allergic reactions that sometimes lead to anaphylactic shock. Treatment of extensive acute angioedema with an allergic reaction should be performed under the supervision of a physician.
General rules for the treatment of insect bites
Local slight skin symptoms - inflammation and swelling caused by a sting we usually treat with non-condom medications, and even so-called natural methods. It may be washing the stained skin with soda water. It helps moisturizing the inflamed skin with potassium permanganate, applying a suction cup, etc. In the case of a larger area and intensification of inflammation and edema, we use topical herbal anti-inflammatory preparations (Sanofil, etc.), topical ointments, creams or antihistamines or glucocorticoids .
Prophylaxis - do not allow insect bites
Avoid places where there are a lot of stinging insects, especially nap. Going for a walk in the "tick" or "mosquito" places wear clothing that covers as much of the body surface as possible. Sometimes good decreasing effects are caused by the use of vitamin B1, because, for example, mosquitoes do not tolerate its smell. However, it is better to lubricate with the funds or bought at the pharmacy - making sure that they come from reliable pharmaceutical companies. Currently, there are dozens of insect repellents on sale or mitigating the effects of their bites (painful or itching swelling and redness). In almost all points of sale you can buy the so-called. means for mosquitoes (sprays, gels, ointments, aerosols, electrofuming, plasters, etc.).
Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis)
After the bite of mosquitoes and gnaws - in people sensitive to their venom, there can be very heavy histamine secretion and increased permeability of the walls of blood vessels throughout the body. In the cascade of consequences there is a sudden drop in blood pressure and the patient's syncope - in addition: cardiac arrest and respiration. This condition, known as anaphylaxis, threatens even death.
First aid in response to anaphylactic shock
Help must be given immediately - every minute counts. Immediately call for medical assistance and do not leave the patient unattended. The drug of choice is epinephrine (adrenaline), which must be given immediately. This drug shrinks the blood vessels, raises blood pressure - which restores circulation and breathing ability. People susceptible to anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis) should not part with first aid sets,
Anaphylactic shock and anaphylaxis
Allergy to insect venom
