The pressure of the high pillar of blood in the veins with damaged valves is the largest at the bottom of the leg, so varicose veins usually arise around the calf. But they can also appear on the legs and thighs. Especially if the inflammation of the veins is attached to the stagnation of blood and damages the deep vein valves, which will stop the blood flow "up" to the heart and increase the pressure of blood on the surface veins. Then, relatively relatively large parts of the leg can cover long, winding and disfiguring balloons of varicose veins.
Damage to several subsequent venous valves can trigger an avalanche reaction to damage to the remaining ones. This is due to the drastic increase in the height of the blood column in the leg vein. From a few or a dozen or so millimeters of blood in a vein, dozens of centimeters may be created - and such a weight is capable of inducing a sudden opening of the venous fistula, the displacement of blood from deep veins under heavy pressure to weak surface veins. Too much portion of the strongly pumped blood will "blow out" balloon-weak surface veins - and the blood will not only flow "up" to the heart but also down to the feet.
BREAKS, OPERATIONS, PRICES
Bone fractures and surgery - it threatens thrombosis and disease ł
Bone fractures, large operations increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis, especially if the operation involves the lower part of the body. For example, orthopedic hip or knee surgery can damage the vein wall and this can cause thrombosis. Immobilization for a long time in bed can also cause thrombosis. Also a fracture of the femur may require a femoral neck connection, which means a long immobility and significantly increases the risk of vein thrombosis.
A fatal paralysis of leg muscles threatens thrombosis
A particular risk to health is stasis in the veins of the deep legs (and swelling) caused by paralysis of leg muscles. Such edema is, for example, a disorder of people with spinal cord injury. Such injuries are caused by swelling of the ankles, because infested leg muscles do not pump blood and lymph from tissues to large veins towards the heart. Stasis of blood causes a strong swelling of the legs during the first few months after the injury. If there is a strong swelling of the legs in people with a spinal cord injury during the first month after the injury, it is most often a condition caused by deep vein inflammation. This disease can also cause swelling of the ankle. This is a serious condition, if left untreated, it can lead to thrombosis and pulmonary vein infarction and even death.
Post-traumatic shock and acute inflammation
Under the influence of injuries and injuries, local acute inflammation occurs. In inflammation, there is a dramatic increase in capillary permeability. The perpetrators of the fact that the capillaries become even sieves, through which the liquid part of the blood penetrates tissues with many morphotic elements, are inflammation mediators - substances that are released in inflammation: histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, prostaglandins, or enzymes such as hyaluronidase. This causes a "stroke" of the liquid part of the plasma into the tissues, including proteins, and even in some cases blood elements, e.g. erythrocytes. Excess tissue fluids cause the inability of their full "suction" to the venous system and causes toxic and inflammatory stasis of microcirculation. Stasis in the vicinity of venous capillaries leads to a large accumulation of inflammation and metabolic waste - carbon dioxide, urea, etc. in this place. The result is hypoxia, poisoning and inflammation deepening.This leads to edema and causes progressive venous insufficiency. Toxic substances arising in various pathological states, for example in diabetes or uremia, some poisons, such as venom of bees, mosquitoes and other insects.
DISEASES INITIATING CYLINDERS
Excessive blood clotting - thrombophilia.
Thrombophilia is a broad concept that covers all cases of disease in which the patient's predisposition to excessive blood clotting is established. The cause of thrombophilia include: excessive platelet count, deficiency of physiological and natural anticoagulants. This disease may be hereditary, but it can also be caused by malignant tumors, heart disease caused by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, as well as certain combinations of drugs can make human blood tended to clot too much than normal.
Disorders of the ovaries, thyroid gland and diabetes
Disorders of the ovaries, thyroid gland and diabetes increase venous insufficiency
Advanced atherosclerosis favors varicose veins
In advanced atherosclerosis, the limb can be so ischemic that part of it undergoes progressive necrosis. Symptoms include: limb weakness, pallor, non-healing wounds and sores. The inflammation of tissues in the immediate vicinity of the veins can move to their interior and destroy the walls of the vessels and venous valves. Damage to the venous valves causes blood stasis and venous hypertension.
Hypertension
Hypertension is a disease that, if untreated, not only weakens the heart and deforms its structure, but also thickens the arteries and changes their disadvantageous walls. It promotes the progression of atherosclerosis.
INFLAMMATION OF DEPENDANTS AND SCRAP
The inflammation of the deep veins destroys their valves
When the inflammation of the deep veins is added to the varicose veins, we have a serious problem. Inflammation destroys deep vein and stabbing valves, and this significantly worsens the outflow of blood from the legs to the heart. Damaged venous valves no longer control the flow of blood so that it flows only towards the heart - so blood flows back down the leg and accumulates there causing skin changes. In the area of the ankles, swelling occurs, the subcutaneous tissue is affected by a fibrotic, hard layer, the skin darkens, aches and bakes. Anything, even minor wounds (eg scratches, abrasions) can cause an unhealthy ulcer - a wound that is very difficult to heal, recurrent and painful.
The enemy of vessels and leg veins is phlebitis
At the beginning of a varicose vein, the venous blood from the extremities and stasis of the blood in the superficial system, in the deep vein system and in the so-called microcirculation. Damaged venous valves of surface and deep veins do not protect against regression of blood in the venous system. Therefore, they do not protect thin and delicate leg veins from increasing the blood pressure - eg through its inflow of so-called venous fistula. So varicose veins may appear.
The inflammation of the deep veins destroys the valves
When the inflammation of the deep veins joins the newly formed varicose veins, we have a serious health problem. Inflammation of deep veins (as well as superficial) leads to inflammation of the vein wall. Local inflammation weakens and deforms the venous valves. Damaged venous valves are not tight and no longer control the flow of blood so that it flows only towards the heart. Therefore, blood flows back down the leg and accumulating there causes skin changes.
Inflammation of the deep veins causes thrombosis
Inflammation of deep veins (as well as superficial) leads to inflammation of the vein wall, accompanied by the formation of the so-called clot. The thrombus reduces or completely blocks the patency of the deep leg vein. Blood from the heart still flows into the nutrition tissues with arterial vessels, but there is no drainage path. When the thrombosis blocks the vein patency, the excess blood formed in it may be drained with stitching veins (venous fistula) into the surface veins. Then the very high pressure from the deep veins may be transferred to the superficial vein system. As a result of a sudden increase in pressure - in a delicate surface vein, to the surprise of the ill person, balloon-like, irregular bloatings are formed almost overnight and bulges of varicose veins are highlighted.
ed. Edward Ozga-Michalski, MA
Literature:
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