What distinguishes diabetes in pregnant women?
First of all, the fact that during pregnancy, mainly type 1 diabetes is diagnosed - that is, in need of insulin injections. In this disease, it is characteristic that high blood glucose levels go hand in hand with low levels of insulin hormone.
Second, that diabetes affects healthy women so far!
Pregnancy quite often provokes the symptoms of diabetes in women who are still quite healthy and adversely changes the course of diabetes in women who have previously become ill. The latter in almost 100% have diabetes type 1 - dependent on insulin hormone injections
Pregnant - including those previously quite healthy, as a rule, they suffer from so-called insulin-dependent diabetes, i.e. requiring well-controlled injections of the hormone. It is also necessary to know that gestational diabetes threatens not only the health of the pregnant woman, but also the health of the fetus. That is why it requires proper diagnosis and precise pregnancy guidance under the supervision of a specialist doctor.
A distinction is made in this regard of two types of diabetes for pregnancy:
- gestational diabetes - present in healthy women
- pre-existing diabetes - that is, one that occurs in women who have previously had diabetes
Gestational diabetes
It affects women who are still healthy and usually do not expect diabetes to be pregnant. The disease develops most often in the second half of pregnancy and is a new, surprising situation for the patient. Disregarding the disease at such a moment can lead to complications in the course of pregnancy and childbirth and complications for the newborn. As a result of diabetes mellitus, very big babies are born, but immature. This is a obstetric problem - coming to the world of a large child is associated with difficulties during childbirth, most often with the necessity of caesarean section. An additional problem may be the immaturity of the fetus (organ hypoplasia, eg respiratory failure) and the need for neonatal surveillance to be given over to such a child.
How often do healthy pregnant women have gestational diabetes?
In 3-5% of pregnant women this type of diabetes - so-called gestational diabetes - occur for the first time during pregnancy.
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The criterion for diagnosing gestational diabetes using a 75 g glucose test:
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When the result of this test is positive - ie the concentration of glucose after 2 hours (120 minutes) after drinking the glucose solution will be> 140mg / dl. - pregnant diabetes is diagnosed!
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Warning! The glucose test is done on an empty stomach!
which means that within 10-12 hours before the test you should not eat any meals and drink caloric drinks, especially those sweetened ones! From that moment on, mineral water, unsweetened tea, etc. are allowed. For example, on the previous day at 18oo we have our last meal!
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If the first test with 75 g of glucose falls out correctly - to be sure of the diagnosis in 24-28 weeks of pregnancy - it should be repeated!
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When the result of the second test is positive - ie the concentration of glucose after 2 hours (120 minutes) after drinking the glucose solution will be> 140mg / dl. - pregnant diabetes is diagnosed!
In addition, alternatively - instead of the above-mentioned test, you can do so in 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. screening test with 50g glucose
If in this test, the glucose concentration after 60 minutes will be> 140mg / dl
that is, its result is positive - the diagnostic test should be performed again with 75g of glucose
If the result of the test with 75 g glucose is positive - ie the concentration of glucose after 120 min. from drinking a glucose solution will amount to> 140mg / dl. - pregnant diabetes is detected!
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Diabetes pre-eclampsia
This term defines the state of health of pregnant women who have previously had diabetes.As a rule, they are being treated with insulin. (Or they should be treated with insulin injections). These women are usually aware of the rules and regulations of diabetes treatment. In this article, however, we want to make them aware of the dangers that, due to poorly controlled diabetes, endanger the growing in their womb descendants. Especially that the pregnancy changes the course of diabetes - for example, it increases the need for insulin, which makes it difficult to control the disease and requires special vigilance and supervision.
ed. Edward Ozga Michalski, MA
diabetology consultation
Literature
1. Professors of the med: Jan Tatoń, Anna Czech; DIAGNOSIS - a manual of therapeutic education; PWM, 2000 (s 290)
2. Diabetology; A 37-year-old woman with gestational diabetes; Dr. med. Tomasz Klupa, prof. dr hab. med. Jacek Sieradzki Chair and Clinic of Metabolic Diseases at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow; Medycyna Praktyczna 2006/05
3. Diabetes - the official website of the Polish Diabetes Association. Information for doctors and patients on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. www.cukrzyca.
4. Statement by prof. dr hab. Jacek Sieradzki in the pages of "Stay well" - a popular addition to "Dziennik Polski" No. 49/04
5. "Diabetes in pregnancy" http://www.zdrowemiasto.pl dr n. Med. Stanisław Skublicki
6. How to live with diabetes requiring insulin injections; prof. dr hab. Jan Tatoń; PZWL, 2001 (s 315).
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