Database of diseases - Diabetes

OBESITY CELLS TYPE 2 DIABETES

There are millions of people around the world suffering from diabetes

The dominant reason is the resistance of cells and tissues to insulin. This disease feature is predominant in the course of type 2 diabetes (not requiring insulin injections) in obese people. This takes the shape of an epidemic caused by poor eating habits, a sedentary lifestyle and the natural consequence of this - obesity.


Insulin is the key that opens the "door" inside the cell, where glucose is burned

Glucose, in order to obtain energy that is useful for the body, must first be introduced into the interior of a single cell of the body. However, each of our cells usually has a "closed door" for glucose, unless there is a molecule ... insulin (!) That opens them. You could say that insulin is the key that opens the "door" inside the cell! The lack of insulin caused by diabetes makes it impossible to obtain energy from food. Symptoms of insulin deficiency are too high levels of sugar - glucose in the blood.


Too high a level of glucose in the blood reveals a serious disease - diabetes

Diabetes is now recognized by the most popular glucometer:

- when the fasting glucose level in double measurement exceeds 126 mg / dl (7.0 mmol / l)

- when the plasma concentration in an accidental measurement is greater (or equal to) 200 mg / 100 ml (11.1 mmol / l) and there are typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
 


What is insulin resistance of tissues to insulin?

Insulin resistance means loss of sensitivity of muscles, fat, liver and practically all tissues of the body to insulin, which flows to the pancreas with blood. If fat cells, muscle cells, and liver cells that process intensely glucose, become insulin-resistant, then they are less likely to pick up glucose from the blood and react less to it. As a result, normal amounts of insulin cause a much smaller than expected effect of obtaining energy from glucose.


The obesity epidemic is triggering an insulin resistance epidemic!

The obesity epidemic currently being observed is a natural consequence of abnormal eating habits ("fast food") and minimal physical activity; it is also partly genetically determined. Obesity leads directly to insulin resistance in people initially predisposed and to the simultaneous manifestation of type 2 diabetes. It is very worrying that this mechanism applies to younger and younger age groups. In some countries, pediatricians report a real epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.


Convince yourself of the degree of obesity risk and its possible consequences - diabetes

Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the initiation of type 2 diabetes, as well as the quality of its treatment.
It has been documented that diabetes does not threaten people with a genetic predisposition, if we maintain our body mass in the normal range. The correct body mass and overweight is determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula. In Polish - this is the body mass index. This indicator - BMI = body weight (kg) /: / divided by the increase in (m2).


The correct BMI, according to the World Health Organization, is for women 22-25, for men 23-27.

BMI over 25 - in a woman and over -27 in a man - means overweight. Above 30 - means obesity. According to many epidemiological studies, BMI correlates well with the mass of adipose tissue and makes it possible to assess the risk of diabetes risk and, moreover, hypertension and heart disease.


The risk of diabetes risk in relation to the BMI index

SURVEY EXCEEDED BY BMI

SURVEY EXCEEDED BY BMI

18,5 - 24,9

standard

> 25

Average

25,0 - 29,9

Elevated - I degree of overweight

30,0 - 39,9

High - II degree of overweight

> 40,0

Very high - 3rd degree of overweight

AN EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF BMI INDICATOR

For height = 1.80 m; at weight = 80 kg
Weight 80 kg / (increase 1.80 m) 2> hence BMI = 24.7
which means the weight in the standard and the risk of overpressure within the average values.

But attention - the formula for optimal body mass does not apply to children who grow, athletes and people with extensive muscle tissue, as well as pregnant women.

 

ed. Edward Ozga Michalski, MA