The basic condition of life is the extraction and processing of matter from the environment. Fat is one of the essential products of the biological environment, and after being processed in the human system - it becomes an important building block and fuel. Ideally, they are fats of plant origin, not animal fat. In total, fats from food should account for about 20-30% of the food. One of the largest "devourers" of fat is skin!
Human metabolism and fat
The human body contains about 10% fat. The general requirement for fat in adults is about 1 g per kg of body weight. Ideally, they are fats of plant origin, not animal fat. In total, fats from food should provide only about 20-30% of the total energy to man, while carbohydrates - about 60%! One of the largest "devourers" of fat is skin!
Fats (lipids) are physiologically necessary because they perform several important roles in the human body:
♦ They are a source of energy, especially as high-efficiency "backup fuel" deposited in adipose tissue.
♦ They act as a thermal insulator to facilitate the maintenance of warm-blooded body.
♦ Specific lipids - so-called Non-polar fats are an electrical insulator that allows the nerve signals (depolarizing waves) to travel along myelinous nerve fibers.
♦ Biochemical compounds of fats and proteins (the so-called lipoproteins) are the basic building block of cell membranes and mitochondria ("power plants" producing energy) and carriers of fat transport in the blood.
Not only the liver processes fats
It was thought for a long time that the majority of metabolism of fats is carried out in the liver. Indeed, this organ plays a very important role in the processing of fat in the human body. The liver facilitates digestion and absorption of fats from the gastrointestinal tract, synthesizes them and oxidizes them. It produces so-called blood plasma lipoprotein led by cholesterol and carriers of blood fat. In addition, it converts fats into so-called ketone bodies in the so-called ketogenesis - enabling it to obtain energy. (After the ketone bodies are made, the body burns them to produce energy.) However, the discovery that most tissues have the ability to oxidise fat, and especially that the skin has a high ability to metabolize the adipose tissue - has changed this view.
Where does the excess of fat in the body come from?
To keep the body alive, we must provide energy in the form of food. This "cost of life" is called BASIC TRANSFER OF MATERIAL, which constitutes about 50-70% of the daily energy expenditure of a human being. PPM is defined as the lowest level of energy transformation occurring on an empty stomach, in a lying position, in complete physical and mental calmness,
providing energy necessary for the proper course of life processes (maintaining body temperature, metabolic activity of the brain, liver, kidneys and muscles, blood and lymph circulation, intestinal peristalsis and other basic functions of the body). The remaining 30-50% of the daily energy expenditure, i.e. THE TOTAL TRANSITION OF THE MATERIAL, is OVER-BASED TRANSITION OF THE MATERIAL. Above-basic metabolism is part of the energy that is used to perform a variety of activities - physical and mental work, maintaining a constant body temperature and eating, digesting and absorption of food. It depends on: type of physical exercise, type of food consumed, amount of adipose tissue in
body and body weight.To ensure proper body weight, a balanced balance should be maintained between the amount of energy supplied with food and the body used. When the energy balance is positive, the excess of unused energy is stored as fat in adipose tissue.
The size and type of disturbances of basic metabolism are determined
♦ sex
♦ age - it generally grows with age,
♦ body size,
♦ health and quality of nutrition,
♦ activity of the endocrine glands
♦ genetic factors.
Mechanism of fat accumulation
In the small intestine, during the digestion of fats, special lipoprotein transport substances, called chylomicrons, form. They are filled to the brim with "fat" fats - and mainly - triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Fat-laden chylomicrons get into the blood with which they migrate to the capillaries located in the region of adipose tissue (and muscle tissue). There they settle on the surface of the vascular endothelium. Endothelium - the inner wall of the vessel produces a special enzyme (lipoprotein lipase). The enzyme breaks down triglycerols into so-called free fatty acids (WKT) and glycerol. Then, free fatty acids and glycerol enter the interior of adipocytes, where greasy "drops" of triglycerides are reconstructed. These "drops" can expand considerably and significantly increase the mass of a single fat cell, and also the whole of their collection. Fat folds visible on the body - this is the effect of accumulation of triglycerides inside fat cells.
ed. Edward Ozga Michalski, MA
Literature
1. Human anatomy - Adam Bochenek, Michał Reicher, PZWL, 1990
2. THE HUMAN ORGANISM, Wyd. germini; 1989
3. The Bible of vitamins, Earl Mindell, WiZ 1994
4. Vitamins, minerals, E numbers, U.Unger-Gobel, ed. MUZA SA, 1997 '
5. Tales about vitamins and bioelements; prof. dr hab.Andrzej Danysz, ed. Holbex, 1999
6. PHARMINDEX
7. Encyclopedia of healthy skin, ed. WAB, 1996
8, Harper's biochemistry, ed. Bow. PZWL 2000
9. Liver - disease prevention and natural treatment; Aleksander Ożarowski ed. PFM, 2006.
Internet: http://luskiewnik.strefa.pl/biochemia/lipid.htm; http://www.rozanski.henryk.gower.pl/
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