RISK OF SOLAR BURNS
The most common symptom of sunburn overdose is erythema.
Erythema (erytema) is a symptom of the inflammatory process of the skin. The inflammation of the skin occurs in the place of irradiation after a latency period lasting up to several hours, depending on the dose and the wavelength of radiation. The time of incubation of erythema depends on the dose and the wavelength of radiation.
Type of radiation and burn erythema
The longer and in the more exposed places we sunbathe, the erythema burns faster and appears more severe. The main "culprit" of sunburn is UV-B radiation, which produces erythema after a few hours of intense sunbathing. Overdose of UV-B radiation exposes you to grade 1 or 2 burns and threatens skin health. (UV-C ultraviolet also causes erythema, with a more bright shade.) Fortunately, this radiation is suppressed by the ozone layer and practically does not reach the skin.)
Time of day and sunshine
Avoid sunbathing in the hours of strong UV-B ultraviolet radiation, i.e. between 11oo and 16oo. Let's not forget about the aforementioned UV-A radiation hazard for the skin, which is about 95% of all ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This last radiation works with similar intensity throughout the day. Although it does not expose you to erythema - it destroys and makes your skin look old.
The risk of skin burns increases depending on the place of sunbathing!
In the high mountains it is very easy to overdose tanning and get burns. The threat to the skin is the effect of the secondary reflection of the sun's energy from the background and the intensity of UV radiation. This effect releases beach sand, rocks, water, alpine snow. Too long tanning in these places is a threat to sunburn.
Warning! The sun's rays are rebounded:
• from snow and ice - 85%
• from the water surface - 20%
• from sand, concrete, whirling clouds - 15-20%
• from grass - 10%, but ultraviolet rays undergo some degree of adsorption (absorption).
Height and increase in irradiation
The higher we are in the mountains, the higher the radiation, because the thin layer of the atmosphere that filters and absorbs ultraviolet. It should be remembered that for every 1000 meters and upwards, the intensity of UV radiation increases by 15%. Therefore, in the mountains we get an even higher dose of UV-A and UV-B radiation than staying at the seaside. In addition, it acts on the skin (and on eyes) the phenomenon of secondary reflection of solar radiation and increases the absorption of UV radiation. Therefore, even in winter or early spring in the mountains, the eyes and skin should be protected from solar radiation.
Do clouds protect against the sun?
Essentially yes, if it's a thick and uniform cloud cover. However, it does not protect the skin in any way with a mild mist (eg in the mountains), and to a small extent, whirling clouds. You need to know that about 80% of solar radiation reaches us during the so-called slight cloudiness.We should also remember that the intensity of UV radiation does not depend on the temperature of the air, but on the angle of incidence of rays to the ground and the above-mentioned height above the sea level and the intensity of the secondary reflection from the background. That's why sunburn is so easy in early spring in the snowy mountains. Similarly on the water, when we canoeing, we sail with a sailboat, etc.
Ultraviolet - a threat to health
It is now known that skin burns caused by long-lasting ultraviolet absorption are not only painful, but can lead to more serious conditions in the long run, such as: infections caused by the accumulation of bacteria in bursting blisters. skin discoloration, allergies and photodermatosis, skin cancer.
ed. Edward Ozga Michalski, MA
medical consultation: Dr n. med. Andrzej Szmurło
dermatologist
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Literature
1. Practical dermatology; dermatologists: Małgorzata Opalińska, Katarzyna Prystupa, Wadim Stąpór, Wyd. Lek. PZWL 1997. 2. Sun protection during sports - internet materials provided by the Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute of CIOP-PIB
3. Hyperpigmentation pigmentation disorders as a cosmetic problem; Aneta Urbańska; New Medicine - Dermatology V notebook 120 (1/2003).
4. Sun and skin - a series of publications; dr. Catherine. med. Katarzyna Prystupa (allergist-dermatologist), Edward Ozga-Michalski, Anna Gotowiec; My health; 1997-2000
5. Genetic determinants of melanoma, Advances in Dermatology and Allergology 1/2006; Team of doctors: Urszula Brudnik, Anna Wojas-Pelc, Wojciech Branick
6. Primary malignant melanoma of the head and neck; Karolina Hydzik-Sobocińska, Marcin Sobociński; "THERAPY" No. 6 (153), JUNE 2004; Chair and Clinic of Otolaryngology at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow; Head: prof. dr hab. med. Jacek Składzień
