Eroticism and sex in the social structure - encyclopedia
Escort agency
It is a legally registered form of business activity; an institution renting a companion for a fee, providing, among others, services in the field of erotic massage, at the declaration that the employed persons will not provide sexual services (there are indications that this type of activity is, however, conducted).
souteneur
The man whom the prostitute combines the sense of mutual belonging, eroticism and the economic contract.
Alfred Kinsey and his report
The most famous figure associated with sexology. He was an American biologist and zoologist. He lived in the years 1894-1956. With determination, he got the necessary financial resources and undertook extensive research into the sexual behavior of the people with his three colleagues.
Within 10 years, Kinsey and his colleagues have studied over 11,000. people, getting to know their most intimate sexual experiences. The questionnaire contained over 500 questions. The study was anonymous, checked after a few years.
In 1947, Kinsey and associates founded the Institute for Sexual Research at the University of Indiana. A year later, they published a work on sexual behavior of men, and in 1953 on sexual behavior of women. These books have become bestsellers known around the world. Revenues from books were entirely devoted to further research.
Until the end of his life, Kinsey was exposed to attacks from public opinion because his research showed that existing and binding moral standards constantly break a large part of people, and the majority break them occasionally.
Alfred Kinsey became a symbol of a relentless scientist, passionate, misunderstood and underestimated, devoting peace and stabilizing the struggle for truth in life.
Bigamy
Conclusion of a new marriage during the previous one; the so-called. bigamy. In most countries, bigamy is subject to punishment, except for Islamic countries, where polygamy is practiced.
Call girl
A woman having sex on a telephone call.
The goals of sexual education
The goals of sexual education include:
Preparation for family and marital and sexual life.
Achieving integration and full personality development.
Shaping sexual awareness and preparation for sexual function.
Forming attitudes of self-reflection, self-control and sexual culture.
Sexual awareness.
Forming a system of sexual values.
Promoting sexual health (by providing methods of fertility control, preventing all forms of discrimination, isolation or segregation of sexual minorities, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual violence, as well as creating positive attitudes towards sex).
Promoting monogamy in sexual relationships.
Sexual censorship
Censoring sexuality goes back to distant times, such as Lex Canueala in Rome (443 BC), Assurnibal's law in Assyria from the seventeenth century BC The ancient world was rather permissive, and obscene content was the object of comedy, satire, and sometimes polemic. Censorship of sexual content has become common since 1564, when Index Librorum Prohibitorum appeared. Gradually, the list of banned books lengthened, including both antique and later erotic works. Particularly rigorous censorship appeared in Puritan England, starting with the Licensing Act of 1643. The first censorship regulations in the USA were developed in 1842. The most significant were the regulations of A. Comstock (1873), as a result of which they were estimated as obscene 194 thousand. works in museums.Limiting or eliminating censorship continues to this day in many countries.
The daughter of Corinth
A woman practicing prostitution.
Street children and sex
Children deprived of their home and care living out of prostitution; a serious social problem in many countries, eg Brazil.
Emancipation
Originally, it meant the release of a son from his father's power, work with his father, and property. This concept has widened over time to free itself from all forms of oppression and dependence or inequality. The suffragist movement (feminism) gave political and social meaning to the term, which today means striving for equal rights for women, for example in electoral rights, or the same payment for the same work.
Eunuch
From the Greek eunouchos - guard of the bed, chamberlain; a term related to the times when the sultans, kings and princes had many wives and needed someone trustworthy who would watch the harem.
The term has two meanings: a man without testes before puberty or a man without testes due to a special procedure.
Until 1903 (mainly in the XVI-XVIII centuries) boys were castrated, who were to sing in choirs just before the mutation. As a result, they retained an alto or soprano voice, however, characterized by greater strength than women and a unique color. In the years 1588-1793, when the ban on stage performances of women was in force, they sang in operas.
If castration occurred for a long time before puberty, the neuter was lean and tall, and kept children's physical characteristics - there were no male hormones, inhibiting the growth of the bones of the legs and hands, and the existence of tertiary sexual characteristics.
If the removal of the testicles occurred after puberty, it was associated with obesity and drowsiness. In addition to the aforementioned reasons, castration took place, among others for religious reasons (as an expression of devotion to God, as punishment for the enemy, revenge, etc.).
Feminism
A social movement whose aim is to eliminate the traditionally, socially and ideologically justified differences between a man and a woman. The ideology of feminism is based on the claim that patriarchy or inequalities in the relations between the sexes have no biological conditioning.
The beginnings of feminism were characterized by hostility towards men, puritanism and the simplicity of costumes. With time, this movement freed itself from the phobia of freedom of sexual expression, directing attention to the inequality of the social system in women's access to work, equal pay, professional positions and barriers to promotion. Feminists also try to counteract the domination of men in culture, misogyny, sexism (tying social roles with gender) and striving to control the female body, etc.
There are numerous varieties of feminism: anarchist, black, cult, lesbian, liberal, radical. They have contributed to changing attitudes towards sexuality, gender relations, gender roles, the emergence of feminist sexology - science that deals with the relationship between social determinants of gender roles and sexual behavior.
cohabitation
The relationship of a woman with a man, connected by emotional, sexual, economic, social ties, often living together, but without official and church legalization. In Poland, he is known as concubinage or "life on a cat's paw". In recent years, the popularity of this type of compounds has been increasing. There are several types of cohabitation: time relationships, persistent emotional relationships, trial marriages, premarital relationships, and substitutes for marriage (eg for divorced persons).
Concubinage
From the Latin con - together and cubare - to lie down. Relentless sexual intercourse without a formal marriage with certain features of a marital contract connected with a shared apartment. The term used in the legal-church literature, a synonym of cohabitation (sociological and statistical concept).
Harlot
A woman of "light morals", easily and quickly establishing sexual contacts.
Liberalism
From Latin liber (free). The trend in philosophy, as well as the economic doctrine, started in the 18th century. in Europe. It is based on the conviction that the free and unhampered activity of individuals is a condition of social progress, an expression of freedom from regulation and moral control. The ideology of liberalism influenced the development of the free market economy and ideological attitudes developed within the framework of individualistic concepts of man in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Manichaeism
An enemy attitude to body and sex, associated with the Mani religion. It was widespread in the Roman Empire in the 3rd century BC, influenced, among others, on some medieval sects and ascetic practices of Christians. The Manichean attitude has survived in a hidden form to the present day and is considered one of the important reasons for ambivalence in the culture of Europe.
Markietanka
A woman who in ancient armies performed various services for soldiers during the war: she provided tobacco, food and drinks, nursing services, but also sexual services. Currently, the term defines a soldier prostitute.
Menage a trois
French term marriage in three. The phenomenon is that the spouses live together with the lover or lover of one of them. This concept is not synonymous with sexual intercourse of three people.
Monogamy
The relationship of a man with one woman, the opposite of polygamy, ie the union of one man and many women. In the case of women, it is combined with monoandria and polyandria respectively. Colloquially a form of marriage between two people.
Sexual norm
The following types of human sexuality standards are distinguished:
religious norms, eg in the Catholic Church, are not the norm of masturbation activity, pre-and extramarital cohabitation, oral and anal intercourse, homosexual orientation;
cultural norms - showing the greatest diversity;
legal norms, eg in some countries homosexual relationships are legalized, in others they are punished;
medical standards - eg homosexuality was removed from the international classification of diseases and disorders, and still in the middle of the twentieth century was treated as a pathology; masturbation is considered a typical phenomenon of adolescence, and at the beginning of the 20th century it was associated with various diseases;
statistical norms, according to which the norm is only what the majority of the society does;
the partnership standard, according to which all forms of sexual activity, behaviors, which are mature, are accepted by them and are aimed at obtaining the pleasure of both partners, do not harm the health and do not violate the norms of social coexistence;
environmental standards, e.g. youth, subcultural;
existential norms, according to which those behaviors that are associated with love, versatile personality development are considered normal, do not harm the health and norms of social coexistence.
partnership
It is one of the most expected marital and family relationships, based on emotional ties, dialogue, durability, conflict resolution skills, choosing compromise solutions, satisfying both sides, recognizing one's autonomy and granting it to others.
polyandry
A rare form of marriage in which one woman has many husbands; it survived in some tribes of India and Tibet.
Polygamy
The form of a marriage in which one person has several spouses of the opposite sex.
Poliginia
A form of marriage in which one man has simultaneously several wives, formerly widespread in the countries of Islam, China, Africa and Oceania.
Pornography
Text, drawing, photography and other forms of creativity, whose conscious and primary purpose is to induce sexual arousal in the recipient. It is divided into two types:
Soft pornography - containing content that is intended to trigger sexual arousal, but without the use of drastic measures, considered to be particularly disgusting.
Hard pornography - containing content with deviant features, prefers violence and brutality, and uses images with children. It is banned in many countries.
Studies show that pornography depicting violent scenes has a detrimental effect on the human psyche, especially children and adolescents.
Prostitution
Diverse hetero- or homosexual relationships with more people for profit. The prostitution attitude is treated in material (service) terms and excludes emotional bond.
Puritanism
This is a philosophical-moral attitude derived from the radical form of Calvinism, adopted by the English Puritan sect (16th-17th century), reviving in England in the second half of the 19th century. century. Propagating a very restrained and austere lifestyle, puritanism shaped characters that were characterized by emotional dryness, combined with excessive demands on themselves and others.He regarded sex as a source of evil, feelings of pleasure and pleasure as even harmful to health, he only accepted marital relations leading to insemination. Puritanism had a great influence on the formation of attitudes towards body and sex in the Protestant and bourgeois Catholic communities. They survived to modern times, although their range has significantly decreased.
Sexual revolution
Liberalization of sexual life initiated in the fifties (initiated by the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States and the hippie movement), related to the foundation of sexual partnership on the basis of equality, friendship, attitudes accepting premarital sex, homosexual relationships, group sex, promiscuity. The slogan of the revolution was "make love, not war", which is a reaction to the war in Vietnam. This process was stopped in the 80s by the emergence of AIDS.
Sexual roles
The pattern of socio-cultural behaviors considered as specific for a given gender, eg in the patriarchal culture of Europe, was attributed to rationality, domination, activity in sexual intercourse, and woman's emotionality, passivity.
