Bronchitis, known as bronchitis (bronchitis), is a local inflammation of the airways that supply air to the lungs. Most often, the acute attack of bronchitis is a complication of the subcutaneous, influenza or other inflammatory infection. The disease is accompanied by severe symptoms.
CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS OF LIGHTER IGNITANCE
Symptoms of bronchitis
Usually, for the primary symptoms of a viral infection of the inflammatory nose and throat (sore throat, runny nose, pain in the joints, muscles, subfebrile) - a coughing cough, fever, general weakness; sometimes shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain. Initially, the cough is dry, followed by the development of mucopurulent secretion. The rising temperature is evidence of bacterial superinfection of the bronchi.
Acute and chronic bronchitis
There are two forms of bronchitis:
- acute bronchitis with a sudden onset and short course
- chronic bronchitis - with prolonged period of inflammation and recurrence of acute inflammation and its symptoms. In the allergic cause of inflammation or nicotine addiction - it is a lifetime.
Infectious causes of bronchitis
Infectious inflammations are caused mainly by infection with viruses and bacteria and are usually acute. The most common cause of the disease is infection with colds or influenza viruses. In children, the cause is also other infectious inflammatory diseases - measles, chickenpox, rubella, etc. Bacteria rarely cause primary bronchitis - usually appear after the initial phase of the viral infection, as so-called. superinfection and are the cause of dangerous for healthy complications. Bacterial superinfection is associated with reduced resistance to viruses.
Resistance to colds viruses
Noninfectious causes of bronchitis
The causes of chronic bronchitis (and the entire upper respiratory tract) are more and more often: allergy and asthma, lung disease and inflammation of the mucous membrane caused by volatile toxins such as: car fumes (smog), toxic dusts, fumes and industrial gases, ozone, etc. Allergens and volatile toxins irritate and destroy the mucosa of the nose, throat and bronchi causing chronic inflammation. This type of bronchitis is also known as chronic bronchitis. The accumulation of two or more of the above-mentioned inflammatory causes or an infection attack may cause chronic inflammation to become acute.
Asthma - what is this disease?
Circulatory lung disease
The course of inflammation
Bronchitis can occur with a fever, although not always. When the cause of the inflammation are only viruses or when the cause of inflammation are allergens, volatile toxins - inflammation can proceed without elevated temperature. However, a high fever occurs when the bacteria are infected - for example, a few days after the viral infection. Then, in young children and the elderly, the course of acute bronchitis can be severe. In small children, bronchiolitis and laryngitis are also highly dangerous to health.
Laryngitis
OSTRE INCREASING GEMBLADES IN ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS
Symptoms - diagnosis
In acute infectious bronchitis, the disease usually occurs with cough, fever, general weakness, chest pain, sometimes breathlessness. A cough caused by bronchitis can last up to several weeks.
The course of acute inflammation
The consequence of viral rhinitis and mucous membrane is mucosal edema and abundant excretion of mucus. Due to bronchoconstriction following mucosal swelling and the appearance of excessive mucus, dyspnea may also appear.However, the main symptom of bronchitis is cough - initially dry, persistent, tiring, then moist, with mucus or purulent secretion. Cough, with mucopurulent secretion, fever, difficulty in breathing, may indicate secondary bacterial infection.
When a bacterial infection develops in the bronchi
The first symptom of bacterial superinfection is the presence of yellow or green sputum. Potential agents of secondary bacterial infection are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this situation, it is necessary to visit a doctor who prescribes an antibiotic and appropriate expectorants (mucolytics).
Treatment of acute bronchitis in adults and adolescents
In the case of viral bronchitis without bacterial complications, the disease may occur without elevated temperature (or under fever). Usually the disease has a mild course - just lie in bed for a few days. The problem may be a dry cough associated with excessive bronchial sensitivity, which may persist for up to several weeks. Treatment consists of expectorants, dilution and bacteriostatic agents. You can treat yourself, with the help of a pharmacy pharmacist - over-the-counter medicines. In the case of joint pain, muscle aches, fever - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used. Antibiotic is administered in the case of secondary bacterial infection. The gentle course of viral bronchitis is treated similarly to a cold. When symptoms of bronchitis are accompanied by fever and cough persists after a few days, when there are difficulties in breathing, chest pain - please contact your doctor.
Treatment of bacterial complicated inflammation
When we find symptoms of bacterial infection - cough, with the degeneration of mucopurulent secretion, high fever, difficulty in breathing - take an antibiotic and use expectorants and dilution of secretions. It is necessary to supervise the doctor (and his prescription). In addition, the doctor will record measures to reduce fever.
What to avoid?
Patients with bronchitis should not smoke - neither actively nor passively! - substances found in tobacco smoke have a toxic effect on the mucous membrane of the upper and lower respiratory tract. They immobilize cilia - the mucous membrane protrusions, preventing the removal of mucus on the outside, and also reduce local immunity. Promotes additional infections, e.g. bacteria. Cold air which irritates the mucous membrane and exacerbates the symptoms of the disease should be avoided.
Is bronchitis highly contagious?
Bronchitis in adults is an infectious disease, but not infectious. It is evoked by microbes constantly circling around us. They become pathogenic only when the body's immunity is impaired or the mucous membrane is not a sufficient protective barrier for them, because it is damaged, for example by "cold" viruses.
Warning! Complications are possible
In people who are weak and people with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, bronchitis can be a serious and complicated disease. The risk of complications also depends on the patient's age and the condition of his immune system. Acute bronchitis, especially in old age; and in people with severe diseases and weakened immune systems, can lead to pneumonia. The pneumococcal lung infections are particularly dangerous for the elderly and small children. Therefore, in these people the disease is often a reason for hospitalization.
Pneumonia
dangerous pneumococcus
CHROMIUM IGNITION
Definition
Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, persisting for most days in 3 months of the year in two subsequent years. It is, next to emphysema, one of the two basic forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic bronchitis does not change radiographs of the chest and is not easy to diagnose. Diagnosis puts the doctor on the basis of the typical course of the disease and auscultation of the lungs.
Symptoms
A constant symptom of chronic bronchitis is cough and shortness of breath. Cough, with the secretion of secretion, occurs most often in the morning. Sometimes, there may have been wheezing and lunging in the lungs.If we have doubts whether the cold we are going through has developed into bronchitis - or just a cough - it should be remembered that although not every cough has to mean bronchitis, but very rarely bronchitis runs without coughing. Therefore, if a chronic cough appears, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Causes of chronic bronchitis
The disease may result from frequent relapses of untreated acute viral bronchitis. Most often, however, chronic inflammation is caused by toxic cigarette smoke or by allergens in asthmatics. In addition, chronic inflammation of the mucosa occurs in people who are constantly exposed to irritating effects of toxic irritants: gases (sulfur oxide, ozone, etc.), dust - for example, in millers, grinders, etc.
Long-lasting inflammation destroys the bronchi
Long-acting toxins, allergens and viruses cause chronic inflammation. The inflammation mediators that are secreted abundantly damage the bronchial mucosal mechanism that cleans the bronchi, and also increase the number of mucous glands and the amount of their secretion. These two processes, overlapping each other, lead to mucus, which is an excellent medium for the development of pathogenic microorganisms.
Chronic bronchitis favors inflammatory exacerbations
Any accumulation of irritating toxins, a viral infection can cause exacerbation of inflammation. At that time, chronic bronchitis is similar to an acute condition, but its symptoms persist longer and worsen during infection (eg an increasingly deep cough)). This condition often coexists with emphysema and an obstructive pulmonary disease.
Complications of chronic bronchitis
Chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract play a large role in the formation of rheumatism. The consequence of chronic rhinitis may be hypertrophy of the right ventricle. However, the biggest threat from chronic bronchitis is the cryptogenic lung disease, emphysema and hyperresponsiveness of the bronchi leading to the symptoms of asthma. The risk of complications depends on the age of the patient - the largest is in infants, especially allergic ones, as it may be the beginning of bronchial asthma.
Circulatory lung disease
Asthma - what is this disease?
Ed. mgr. Edward Ozga Michalski
Literature
1. Infections of the lower respiratory tract in children; Professor dr hab. med. Danuta Chmielewska-Szewczyk, Therapy; Eskulap.pl -2001
2. Infections of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children; Professor dr hab. med. Marek Kulus, prof. dr hab. med. Jerzy Ziołkowski: med. Therapy No. 2 (147), FEBRUARY 2004; Eskulap.pl
3. Infections of the lower respiratory tract; dr n. med. Katarzyna Szmygin-Milanowska, prof. dr hab. n. med. Janusz Limanowski; Family Medicine - notebook 17 (1/2002)
4. WIRUS RS-Prophylaxis of RS virus infections; Dr n. Med. Marek Migdal; INSTITUTE "Monument - Children's Health Center" 04-730 Warszawa-Międzylesie,
5. My Health; Bronchitis; Chronic oxerative lung disease; 1999
