Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and intraocular hypertension.
Composition:
1 ml of solution contains 50 μg latanoprost. The solution contains benzalkonium chloride and phosphate buffer.
Action:
Prostaglandin analog F2α, a selective prostanoid agonist of FP receptors. It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Increases choroidal-scleral outflow and reduces the flow resistance. The drug has no significant effect on the production of aqueous humor, does not affect the blood-liquid barrier. The reduction in intraocular pressure occurs about 3-4 hours after application, the maximum effectiveness is achieved after 8-12 h, the effect is maintained for at least 24 h. Latanoprost is an inactive prodrug that is well absorbed through the cornea, the whole active substance that it gets into the aqueous humor, it is hydrolysed during penetration of the cornea to the biologically active latanoprost acid. The maximum concentration of the drug in aqueous humor occurs approximately 2 hours after administration. It is distributed mainly in the anterior chamber, in the conjunctiva and the eyelids, only minimal amounts reach the chamber of the posterior eye. Latanoprostic acid is practically not metabolized in the eye. Metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Inactive metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride or any of the ingredients.
Precautions:
Caution should be used in patients with closed-angle, open-angle glaucoma in patients with pseudophakia, pigmented glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, inflammation of the eye, congenital glaucoma or with acute attack of closed-angle glaucoma - limited clinical experience. Caution should be exercised in perioperative patients after cataract extraction and in patients with aphasia, pseudophakia with discontinuous posterior capsule or lenses implanted into the anterior chamber of the eye or in patients at risk for macular edema (eg diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular retinal closure) ). Carefully used in patients with a tendency to develop iritis and / or uveitis. Caution should be maintained in patients with asthma. During treatment, the pigmentation of the iris may change; treatment can be continued, however, patients should be tested regularly and if required by clinical status, latanoprost should be discontinued. Due to the lack of data on safety and efficacy, the use of the preparation in children is not recommended. The preparation contains benzalkonium chloride, which may cause eye irritation, punctate keratopathy and / or toxic ulcerative keratopathy - dry eye or corneal disorders patients who use latanoprost often or for a longer period must be closely monitored. Benzalkonium chloride changes the color of contact lenses. Avoid contact with soft contact lenses. Before dropping eye drops, contact lenses should be removed, wait at least 15 minutes. before re-installation. Due to the content of 90 mmol of phosphate buffer, the preparation should not be used in patients with corneal disorders (risk of corneal calcification).
Pregnancy and lactation:
The preparation should not be used during pregnancy. Latanoprost and its metabolites can penetrate into breast milk. Do not use the drug in women who are breastfeeding or should stop feeding.
Side effects:
Very common: increased iris pigmentation (most commonly in people with mixed iris color, eg blue-brown, gray-brown, yellow-brown and green-brown) - in some patients, the change may be permanent, small to moderate conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation (burning sensation, sand in the eyes, itching, stinging or the presence of a foreign body in the eye), changes in the appearance of eyelashes and follicular hair (lengthening, thickening, darkening and increasing the number - the vast majority of cases in the Japanese population). Common: transient punctate epithelial defects (mostly asymptomatic), blepharitis, eye pain. Uncommon: eyelid edema, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, rash.Rarely: iritis or uveitis (in most cases in people with predisposing factors), macular edema, symptomatic swelling and corneal defects, periorbital edema, changes in the direction of eyelash growth (this may cause eye irritation), the appearance of a double row of eyelashes on the holes of the thyroid glands, asthma, exacerbation of asthma, shortness of breath, local skin reactions on the eyelids, darkening of the skin on the eyelids. Very rare: severity of angina pectoris, chest pain. Frequency unknown: pain and dizziness, palpitations, muscle and joint pain. There was a change in the color of the skin in the orbital area (mostly in patients coming from Japan).
Dosage:
Adults: 1 drop for the eye (s) affected by the disease once a day, preferably in the evening. Do not administer the preparation more than once a day. To reduce the possibility of absorption of the active substance into the bloodstream, it is recommended immediately after instillation to compress the tear sac in the region of the medial angle of the eye for one minute. If the patient uses other medicines for the eyes, they should be administered after at least a 5-minute break.
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