Obtaining a short-term dilation of the pupil to perform the examination of the fundus, especially its peripheral part and after ophthalmic surgery. Prevention and tearing of iris back adhesions during uveitis inflammation. Application to diagnose conjunctivitis and simultaneous inflammation of the iris and ciliary body.
Composition:
1 ml of solution contains 100 mg of phenylephrine hydrochloride.
Action:
Α-sympathomimetic drug for topical use. Phenylephrine hydrochloride administered to the conjunctival sac in the form of a 10% solution affects the muscles of the eye. The effect of this action is dilation of the pupil, reduction of intraocular pressure and paralysis of eye accommodation. Pupil dilation lasts about 5 hours. The corneal epithelium plays an important role in the transfer of phenylephrine hydrochloride, as well as it participates in metabolic processes. The metabolism of phenylephrine is already partly in the cornea. The drug quickly leaves the front chamber of the eye. Phenylephrine is a substrate for monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme found in the corneal epithelium; it is not clear if the MAO is responsible for the biotransformation of phenylephrine. Phenylephrine hydrochloride is extensively absorbed into the systemic circulation after topical administration.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to phenylephrine or auxiliary substances. Dry inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Precautions:
Particularly cautiously use in patients with glaucoma because the dilation of the pupil may be harmful, especially with narrow-angle glaucoma, also in the presence of hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, and severe cardiac and vascular lesions. Due to the risk of the drug entering the cardiovascular system, the preparation should be used very carefully in patients with cardiac arrhythmia and other cardiac diseases, hypertension, aneurysm, advanced atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, in elderly patients, infants and young children.
Pregnancy and lactation:
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is contraindicated.
Side effects:
Congestion and burning eye pain may occur. Rarely, a visual acuity disorder persists for a few hours, combined with a blurred image (in individual cases, an amplitude of accommodation up to 3 diopters may occur). Rarely may increase blood pressure. In individual cases, there was an increase in blood pressure combined with palpitations, tachycardia and severe headaches. These symptoms occurred mainly in patients with conjunctival congestion and bleeding and ocular epithelial damage. Prolonged use may cause redness and swelling of the eye, and in older patients the occurrence of the opposite effect, consisting in the constriction of the pupil. In individual cases, long-term use may cause conjunctival keratoconjunctivitis with tear spots and boiling. The benzalkonium chloride contained in the preparation may cause eye irritation. The preparation may narrow the iris-corneal angle and lead to a glaucoma attack. If glaucoma is detected earlier, additional drugs that lower intraocular pressure (eg pilocarpine) should be used.
Dosage:
Usually 1 drop into each eye 1-2 times a day. Administration for a period longer than 5 days can only take place under the supervision of a physician.
(C)
