Drugs reducing nasal congestion - combination of antihistamine with sympathomimetic. Desloratadine is a sedative, long-acting antagonist of histamine - it does not penetrate to o.u.n. and selectively blocks peripheral H-receptors1. It inhibits the release (from mast cells and basophils) of cytokines inducing the inflammatory process and inhibits the expression of the adhesive P-selectin molecule on the surface of endothelial cells. Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug, showing mainly α-mimetic activity. It is counted among the so-called indirect sympathomimetics, causing the release of adrenergic mediators from the post-ganglia nerve endings. Narrows blood vessels, which leads to the reduction of nasal congestion. Both desloratadine and pseudoephedrine are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, reaching a maximum concentration in the blood after 4-5 h (desloratadine) and 6-7 h (pseudoephedrine). Food does not affect the absorption of drugs. T0,5 desloratadine is 27.4 hours, pseudoephedrine - 7.9 hours.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to deslaratadine, loratadine, pseudoephedrine, other adrenergic substances or to any of the excipients. Glaucoma with a narrow angle of perception. Urinary stasis. Diseases of the cardiovascular system (eg ischemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmia, severe hypertension). Hyperthyroidism. A history of a history of a cerebral hemorrhagic stroke or the presence of risk factors for cerebrovascular hemorrhagic stroke (this risk is increased when combined with Bromocriptine, pergolide, lisuride, cabergoline, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine or nasal vasoconstrictor). Do not use during the treatment with MAO inhibitors and within 2 weeks after its completion.
Precautions:
Do not use in children under 12 years and in patients with impaired liver or kidney function. Caution in patients with scarring of gastric ulcer, pyloric duodenal stricture, stenosis / obstruction of the bladder neck, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, bronchospasm, and patients taking other sympathomimetic medicines (in including anti-nasal congestion drugs, amphetamine-diminishing drugs and psychostimulants), antihypertensive drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, digitalis glycosides, in migraine patients treated with ergot alkaloids and in people> 60 years of age. The use of the drug may cause agitation of o.u.n with seizures or cardiovascular collapse accompanied by hypotension, especially in adolescents, the elderly or in case of overdose. Long-term use of the drug may lead to the development of tolerance to the drug and addiction; quick discontinuation of the drug may cause depression. The preparation should be discontinued in the event of hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations or arrhythmia, nausea or other neurological symptoms. The preparation should be discontinued at least 48 h before skin testing and 24 h before surgery using halogen anesthesia.
Pregnancy and lactation:
Do not use during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Side effects:
Common: decreased appetite, insomnia, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, nervousness, dizziness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tachycardia, pharyngitis, constipation, headache, fatigue, dry mouth. Uncommon: thirst, presence of sugar in the urine, hyperglycemia, agitation, anxiety, irritability, hyperkinesia, confusional state, blurred vision, dry eye symptoms, palpitations, supraventricular extrasystoles, rhinitis, sinusitis, nosebleeds, discomfort in the nasal cavity, leaky aqueous nasal secretion, dry throat mucous membrane, abnormal sense of smell, indigestion, nausea, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, abnormal stool, pruritus, painful and difficult urination, micturition disorders, chills, facial flushing, shock hot, increase in liver enzymes.Very rare: hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, dyspnoea, pruritus, rash, urticaria), hallucinations, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea, increased bilirubin in the blood, hepatitis, muscle pain.
Dosage:
Orally. Adults and children from the age of 12: 1 tabl. 2 times a day. Do not use for more than 10 days; after sufficient relief of symptoms, treatment can be continued with only an antihistamine. The preparation can be taken regardless of the meal. The tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water, do not crush, break or chew.