Desloratadine is a sedative, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective antagonistic activity towards peripheral H-receptors1. Antiallergic properties of desloratadine include inhibiting the release of cytokines inducing an inflammatory response (i.e., IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-13) from human mast cells and basophils, as well as inhibiting the expression of P-selectin on the surface of endothelial cells. In patients with allergic rhinitis, desloratadine is effective in relieving symptoms such as sneezing, pruritus, nasal discharge, as well as itching, tearing and redness of the eyes and pruritis. In patients with urticaria, it reduces the number and size of urticarial lesions and soothes pruritus. Desloratadine practically does not penetrate to o.u.n., thanks to which it does not exert a calming effect, does not cause drowsiness or does not affect psychomotor activity. Desloratadine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (about 30 min), reaching Cmax after about 3 h. The effect of the drug is maintained for 24 h. Plasma protein binding is 83-87%. T0,5 is 27 hours.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to des loratadine, loratadine or to any of the excipients.
Precautions:
Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment. The safety and efficacy of oral solution in infants up to 1 year of age have not been established, powl. in children <12 years. Desloratadine has not been studied in children <2 years of age who have a slower metabolism. The safety of desloratadine in children from 2 to 11 years of age who have a slowed metabolism is the same as in children with normal metabolism. Due to the isomalt content, tablets should not be used in patients with fructose intolerance. Due to the content of sorbitol, the oral solution should not be used in patients with fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.
Pregnancy and lactation:
The safety of the medicine during pregnancy has not been established, therefore the use of desloratadine during pregnancy is not recommended. Desloratadine is excreted in breast milk, therefore it is not recommended during breast-feeding.
Side effects:
In adults and adolescents, the most common side effects were: tiredness, dry mouth, headache; in infants and children from 6 to 23 months: diarrhea, fever, insomnia. Other side effects observed very rarely after marketing: hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, convulsions, tachycardia, palpitations, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, increased liver enzymes, increased bilirubin in the blood, hepatitis, muscle pain, hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, dyspnoea, pruritus, rash, urticaria).
Dosage:
Orally. Adults and adolescents ≥12 years: 5 mg (1 table or 10 ml oral solution) once a day. Children 6-11 years: 2.5 mg (5 ml oral solution) once a day; children 1-5 years: 1.25 mg (2.5 ml oral solution) once a day. Treatment should be discontinued after symptoms have resolved and resumed at the time they recur. In chronic allergic rhinitis, treatment may be continued during exposure to the allergen. The drug can be taken regardless of meals.
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