Index of drugs

Crunching punches. Circulatory disorders in the eye (acute and chronic circulatory disorders within the retina and the choroid of the eye). Internal ear dysfunction (eg hearing impairment, sudden loss of hearing) due to changes in circulation. The states of cerebral ischemia (states after stroke, abnormal brain function of vascular origin with symptoms such as: lack of concentration, dizziness, impaired memory).

1 ampoule of the solution (5 ml) contains 100 mg; 1 ampoule of concentrate (15 ml) contains 300 mg pentoxifylline.

A drug that improves blood flow and reduces its viscosity. In patients with chronic changes in the arteries, it increases blood supply to pathologically altered areas and improves oxygenation of tissues. Pentoxifylline changes the rheological properties of blood, increases erythrocyte elasticity, inhibits erythrocyte aggregation, inhibits platelet aggregation by enhancing prostacyclin synthesis, reduces pathologically increased fibrinogen concentration, inhibits leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, reduces leukocyte activation and resulting endothelial damage. In addition, it has a slight vasodilatory effect and a slight positive inotropic effect. The drug is metabolized almost completely in the liver. T_0,5 pentoxifylline is about 1.6 h, and metabolites - 1-1.6 h. It is excreted mainly in the urine in the form of metabolites.

Hypersensitivity to Pentoxifylline, other methylxanthine derivatives or to any of the excipients. A recent myocardial infarction or stroke. Bleeding with a significant severity and disease with a high risk of hemorrhage. Volleyball stroke.

Benefits and risks of treatment should be considered when administering intravenous infusion to patients with advanced coronary and cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and severe arrhythmia (patients with severe arrhythmia or a history of myocardial infarction should be monitored carefully). Patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml / min) or severe hepatic impairment should be carefully observed. Caution should be exercised when administering the drug in infusion to patients at high risk of sudden lowering of blood pressure and in patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed collagenosis). The safety and efficacy of use in children has not been established.

Pregnancy is not recommended (no data available). The drug passes into breast milk in small amounts, which should not affect the baby. Due to the lack of sufficient data, the use of the preparation during breastfeeding should be limited to particularly justified cases.

Rarely: hypersensitivity reactions such as pruritus, erythema, urticaria (blisters and pruritus), headache and dizziness, cardiac arrhythmia (eg increased heart rate). Very rare: bleeding (eg on the skin, mucous membranes, in the stomach, intestines), hypotension, sudden angina, intrahepatic cholestasis, increased liver enzymes (aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase). Sometimes hot flashes (redness of the face, feeling of heat and gastrointestinal symptoms such as: nausea, vomiting, bloating, feeling of fullness and diarrhea.) In individual cases: thrombocytopenia, anxiety, sleep disorders, aseptic meningitis (predisposed patients, autoimmune diseases), severe symptoms of hypersensitivity (angioneurotic edema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock) may develop in the first minutes of treatment.

Intravenously in the form of an infusion. The patient should lie down while administering the drug. Adults: 100-600 mg daily in 1 or 2 divided doses, diluted in 100-500 ml of solution for infusion (0.9% NaCl solution or Ringer's solution - in other cases, check the pharmaceutical compatibility of the dilution solution). The infusion is administered at a rate of 100 mg in 60 min.In the case of advanced disease states, especially in patients with severe rest pain, gangrene or ulcer, it may be advisable to administer a continuous, 24-hour infusion of pentoxifylline. The dose should be calculated considering the administration rate of 0.6 mg / kg / h. However, in adults with an average body weight, a daily dose of more than 1200 mg should not be used. When determining the infusion volume, the indication for use should be followed. Generally, a volume of between 1-1.5 liters per day is assumed. The dose of pentoxifylline given by intravenous infusion may be supplemented by oral therapy. However, the total daily dose (administered parenterally and orally) greater than 1200 mg should not be used. In patients with low or variable blood pressure, it may be necessary to modify the dose of the drug. In patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml / min) the dose should be reduced to 50-70% of the standard dose. In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the dose should be reduced depending on the severity of the disease symptoms and tolerability. In patients with hypotension or unstable cardiovascular disease, the infusion should start with a low dose of pentoxifylline, because transient hypotension with a tendency to fainting may occur in such cases, in rare cases with angina. In patients with circulatory insufficiency, the administration of a large volume infusion should be avoided.