Index of drugs

[Symptomatic treatment of reversible bronchial obstruction in the course of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Prevention of exercise-induced asthma and allergen-induced asthma. Salbutamol is particularly useful for the relief of asthma symptoms, provided that its use does not delay the implementation of systematic treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid.

1 metered dose contains 100 μg of salbutamol (in the form of sulphate). 1 dose delivered via the mouthpiece contains 90 μg of salbutamol (in the form of sulphate).

A selective β-receptor agonist₂-renergic in the bronchi. The result of this action is the dilation of the bronchi, which begins within a few minutes after inhalation, and the maximum effect of the drug reaches after 30-60 min. The effect is generally maintained for at least 4 h. After inhalation, the bronchodilator effect is not dependent on the serum concentration of the drug. In addition, the drug increases mucociliary clearance, which is attenuated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, making it easier to expectorate viscous secretions. 10-20% of the inhaled dose of salbutamol reaches the lower respiratory tract. The remaining part stops in the dispenser or accumulates in the oral part of the throat and is then stumbled. The part of the drug that reaches the airways is absorbed into the lung tissue and into the blood, but it is not metabolized in the lungs. The drug, which reached the general circulation, is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly in the urine in unchanged form and as phenol sulfate. The ingested portion of the inhaled dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to form phenol sulfate. Both unchanged drug and in the conjugate form are excreted mainly in the urine. Salbutamol binds 10% to plasma proteins.

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.

The treatment of asthma is usually carried out according to a graded treatment regimen. The patient's response to treatment should be monitored based on the clinical status and lung function tests. Increasing the frequency of use of β₂-mimetic indicates asthma exacerbations and the need to verify treatment. In patients with chronic asthma, bronchodilators should not be the only or major drugs. The drug should be used with caution and only if strict indications are given for: severe cardiac dysfunction, especially recent myocardial infarction; coronary heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with narrowing of the outflow tract and tachyarrhythmias; severe and untreated hypertension; aneurysm; diabetes difficult to compensate; pheochromocytoma (pheochromocytoma); decompensated hyperthyroidism; untreated hypokalemia. There have been post-marketing reports and literature data for rare cases of myocardial ischemia associated with the use of β-agonists. Patients with severe cardiac disease (eg ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias or severe heart failure) receiving salbutamol due to respiratory disease should consult a doctor if chest pain or other symptoms of heart disease worsen. Attention should be paid to assessing symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain, as they may be of both respiratory and cardiac origin. In the case of simultaneous treatment with xanthine derivatives, steroids or diuretics, and hypoxia, hypokalaemia may be intensified - in patients at risk, especially when high doses are used to treat acute severe asthma attacks, potassium levels should be monitored. β₂-mimetic increase the risk of hyperglycaemia - additional blood Glucose measurements are recommended after starting treatment with diabetic patients.In patients with asthma, the administration of a β-blocker is associated with the risk of severe bronchoconstriction - salbutamol and non-selective β-blockers should not be used simultaneously. Sudden and progressive deterioration of asthma control can be life-threatening. If the effect of the drug becomes less effective, the patient should consult a doctor. Higher doses of corticosteroids should be considered. In the case of a paradoxical bronchospasm, the drug should be immediately discontinued and replaced with another drug.

The safety of the medicine has not been established in pregnant women - do not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Salbutamol probably appears in breast milk, so its use in breastfeeding women requires careful consideration. The risk for a breast-fed baby can not be ruled out. The decision to continue or terminate breastfeeding or to continue or discontinue use should be made taking into account the benefits of breastfeeding for the child and the benefits of salbutamol treatment for the mother.

Common: tremor, headache, tachycardia, muscle cramps. Uncommon: palpitations, irritation of the mouth and throat. Rarely: hypokalemia, peripheral vasodilatation. Very rare: hypersensitivity reactions (including angioneurotic edema, collapse, bronchospasm, hypotension, urticaria), hyperactivity, sleep disturbances, hyperactivity, hallucinations, arrhythmia (eg atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and spasms), paradoxical contraction bronchi. Not known: myocardial ischemia. Adverse reactions typical for β₂-mimetic agents such as skeletal muscle tremors and palpitations may occur especially at the beginning of treatment and are often dose-dependent.

Inhalation. Dosage should be determined individually.Adults and children over 12 years. Alleviation of seizures: 1-2 inhalations, depending on the needs; maximum dose: 8 inhalations per day. Prevention of symptoms of exercise or allergy-induced asthma: 2 inhalations 10-15 min before challenge exposure.Children under 12 years. Alleviation of seizures: 1 inhalation, depending on the needs; maximum dose: about 8 inhalations per day. Prevention of symptoms of exercise or allergy-induced asthma: 1 or 2 inhalations 10-15 min before exposition to the triggering factor. In children and in patients who have difficulty in coordinating the administration of an inhaled aerosol, the preparation can be administered using the Vortex or AeroChamber inhalation chamber.