Severe airway contractions. In systolic states, the drug quickly (within 5 min) but temporarily (for 4-6 h) relax the airways.
Composition:
1 ml of solution contains 0.5 mg of Salbutamol in the form of sulphate.
Action:
Β-sympathomimetic drug with action on β receptors2 located in the bronchi. Salbutamol binds plasma proteins in excess of 10%. T0,5 salbutamol administered intravenously is 4-6 h. It is excreted mainly in the urine, partly in the unchanged form and partly after transformation into the inactive metabolite - 4'-O-sulfate. A small amount excretes in the feces.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to salbutamol sulphate or to any of the excipients. Although salbutamol in the form of a solution for injection, as well as occasionally in the form of tablets, is used in premature delivery without complications, such as the pre-emptive placenta, pre-vaginal haemorrhage or pregnancy poisoning, it should not be used in a threatened abortion.
Precautions:
Bronchodilators should not be used as the sole or essential drug in patients with severe or unstable asthma. Such patients require regular monitoring, including lung function tests - oral corticosteroids and / or a maximum dose of corticosteroids in the form of inhalation should be considered. Patients receiving salbutamol in the form of injections may also use short-acting inhaled bronchodilators to relieve symptoms. Caution should be exercised in patients with hyperthyroidism, patients with epilepsy, diabetes, and in patients with hyperresponsiveness to sympathomimetic amines. Due to the risk of severe hypokalemia, extreme caution is recommended for severe asthma, because hypokalaemia may aggravate hypoxia and concomitant treatment with xanthine derivatives, steroids and diuretics - in such cases, potassium levels should be monitored. The use of salbutamol in the form of injections for the treatment of severe airway spasms may be insufficient and may require corticosteroid therapy. Whenever possible, oxygen therapy should be used with salbutamol. Salbutamol may cause transient changes in metabolism, such as increased blood glucose; Metabolic acidosis may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus. The concomitant use of salbutamol and corticosteroids may increase this effect. Due to the possibility of over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, salbutamol should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially with ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias and hypertension. Due to the possible side effects of cardiovascular system, in the case of increasing demand for β-adrenomimetic in the course of bronchial asthma, the current treatment method should be analyzed and possibly replaced with β-adrenomimetics with other drugs. Due to the risk of coronary heart disease patients with concomitant severe cardiac disease (eg ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias or severe heart failure) who receive salbutamol from respiratory indications should be warned about the need to seek medical advice in case of pain in chest or other symptoms that may indicate a worsening of heart disease. If bronchospasm occurs, treatment with salbutamol should be discontinued. There is insufficient data to determine the dosage of salbutamol in the form of a solution for injection in children.
Pregnancy and lactation:
The preparation can be used during pregnancy only in cases when the benefit for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. The preparation may inhibit the uterine contractile function. The use of salbutamol during labor is allowed only if absolutely necessary. Salbutamol is likely to be excreted in human milk - it is not recommended for breastfeeding women unless the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the child.In such situations, however, it is recommended to use salbutamol in the form of inhalation, although the harmful effect of the drug on the newborn can not be ruled out.
Subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Adults. Subcutaneously or intramuscularly: 0.5 mg (8 μg / kg); if necessary, the dose can be repeated every 4 hours. Intravenous: inject slowly from 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg (from 4 μg / kg to 8 μg / kg). Before administration of 0.5 mg salbutamol (1 ml solution), it can be diluted to 10 ml with water for injections (concentration after dilution 50 μg / ml) and administered 5 ml of the diluted drug (250 μg / 5 ml) slowly intravenously. If necessary, the dose can be repeated after 15 minutes, preferably by drip infusion at a rate of 5 μg / min, controlling heart rate and arterial pressure. The preparation may be diluted with 0.9% NaCl solution or 5% Glucose solution - the shelf-life of such solution is 24 hours. Oxygen therapy and potassium supplementation are indicated during intravenous use. The preparation can also be used by nebulization at a dose of 2.5 mg to 5 mg (in the asthmatic state every 1 to 3 hours).