Symptomatic treatment of disease states with acute attacks of dyspnea, associated with bronchoconstriction, in the course of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthmatic status.
Composition:
250 ml of the solution contains 300 mg of theophylline.
Action:
A drug from the methylxanthine group. It relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, bronchioles and blood vessels of the lungs, reduces the severity of allergic reactions, improves the ciliary mechanism of bronchial purification. It reduces the frequency of nocturnal attacks and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, it widens coronary vessels, stimulates the heart muscle and respiratory center and increases diuresis. It improves spirometric indices (vital capacity and intensity of volume in seconds), reduces bronchial resistance and residual volume. It is 60% bound to plasma proteins, up to 40% in adults with liver disease. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine mainly as metabolites. T0,5 is 8.7 hours in adults and 3.4-3.7 hours in children aged 1-16 years.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to the preparation ingredients and xanthine derivatives. Fresh myocardial infarction. Cirrhosis. Acute pulmonary edema. Children up to 6 months Acute inflammation or severe liver failure. Willingness to convulsions.
Precautions:
Particularly cautiously used in patients with hypertension, pulmonary heart, arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases. Use with caution in children aged 1, in patients with liver and kidney failure, chronic lung disease, over 55 years (especially in men), heart failure, hyperthyroidism, gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, porphyria, diabetes, glaucoma, long-term maintenance fever, in the course of viral infections, during vaccination and in the case of simultaneous use and immediately after discontinuation of drugs that slow down the metabolism of theophylline.
Pregnancy and lactation:
Theophylline crosses the placental barrier and into breast milk. In the I and II trimesters, use only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Do not use in the third trimester of pregnancy (the risk of hyperactivity and tachycardia in neonates). Do not use during breastfeeding (risk of toxic effects in newborns).
Side effects:
Most often they result from overdose and may manifest themselves on the part of: the digestive system (nausea, vomiting, gastro-oesophageal reflux, at high concentrations of theophylline - abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased gastric acidity, exacerbation of peptic ulcer), nervous system (excessive agitation, anxiety , insomnia, headache and dizziness, muscle tremors, at high concentrations of theophylline - nightmares, convulsions, states of light-headedness and disorientation), cardiovascular system (paroxysmal tachycardia, palpitations, other arrhythmias, hypotension, too rapid infusion - shock coronary pain may occur in patients with coronary artery disease). Occasional breathing may occur. Rarely, you may have a fever, faster breathing rate, moreover albuminuria, increased diuresis, and hematuria.
Dosage:
Intravenously. The therapeutic concentration of theophylline in the blood is 10-20 μg / ml (56-112 μmol / l). Concentrations above 20 μg / ml (112 μmol / l) can be toxic. Dosage should be selected individually and calculated on the basis of non-fat mc. (adipose tissue in children 12%, in adults 22%). The concentration of theophylline in the serum should be monitored. Theophylline may be administered in intermittent or continuous infusion at a rate of 5-10 mg / min, in a period of not less than 1 h; do not give more than 25 mg / min.Adults non-smokers without coexisting diseases: starting dose: 5 mg / kg / h; dose for the first 12 hours: 0.6 mg / kg / h; maintenance dose for a duration of treatment over 12 h: 0.43 mg / kg / h.Children from 10-16 years old and adults who have recently been smoking: starting dose: 5 mg / kg / h; dose for the first 12 h: 0.85 mg / kg / h; maintenance dose for a duration of treatment over 12 h: 0.7 mg / kg / h.Children 6 months - 9 years: starting dose: 5 mg / kg / h; dose for the first 12 h: 1.0 mg / kg / h; maintenance dose for a duration of treatment over 12 h: 0.85 mg / kg / h.Patients with congestive heart failure or liver failure: starting dose: 5 mg / kg / h; dose for the first 12 h: 0.4 mg / kg / h; maintenance dose for a duration of treatment above 12 h: 0.1 mg / kg / h.Other patients, including those with right ventricular hypertrophy: starting dose: 5 mg / kg / h; dose for the first 12 h: 0.5 mg / kg / h; maintenance dose for a duration of treatment over 12 h: 0.26 mg / kg / h. The required concentration of theophylline, obtained after the initial dose, is maintained with the maintenance dose based on the current concentration of theophylline in the blood. If you have previously taken theophylline, for example, orally, before the start of the infusion, determine the concentration of theophylline in the blood and reduce the starting dose.
(C)
