Emergency treatment in case of acute allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) caused by food, drugs, insect bites and stings as well as other allergens, as well as in the case of spontaneous anaphylaxis.
Composition:
1 dose (0.3 ml) contains 300 μg adrenaline.
Action:
A pre-filled syringe containing a single dose of adrenaline for immediate injection in people with anaphylactic shock. A preparation with sympathomimetic effect. Adrenaline stimulates α-adrenergic receptors, thus counteracting vasodilation and their increased permeability. This prevents loss of intravascular fluid and hypotension. Epinephrine stimulates bronchial β-adrenergic receptors, which leads to bronchodilation, alleviation of wheezing and shortness of breath. It reduces pruritus, urticaria and angioneurotic edema associated with anaphylaxis. The plasma half-life is 2-3 minutes. Adrenaline is rapidly inactivated, mainly by hepatic COMT and MAO enzymes. A large part of the dose is excreted in the urine as metabolites.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to the components of the preparation.
Precautions:
Caution should be used in patients with cardiac disease (eg coronary heart disease, myocardial disease - angina may be provoked), pulmonary heart, arrhythmias or tachycardia. In patients with hyperthyroidism, severe angina pectoris, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with narrowing of the left ventricle outflow tract, ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, high intraocular pressure, severe renal failure, prostatic adenoma leading to urinary retention, hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia, diabetes mellitus , there is an increased risk of side effects in elderly patients and pregnant women. Repeated local injections may lead to necrosis at the injection site due to vasoconstriction. Injection into a blood vessel can cause cerebral hemorrhage due to a sudden increase in blood pressure. Injection into the hands or feet may reduce blood flow to adjacent tissues as a result of vasoconstriction. To prevent high blood pressure, fast-acting vasodilators or alpha-adrenergic blockers can be given. Anti -aphylactic activity may be antagonized by beta blocking drugs, especially non-selective.
Pregnancy and lactation:
During pregnancy, use only if the expected benefits outweigh the potential risk to the fetus. Adrenaline secreted with breast milk probably does not affect the baby.
Side effects:
Common: palpitations, tachycardia, sweating, nausea, vomiting, difficulty in breathing, paleness, dizziness, weakness, tremor, headache, anxiety, nervous excitability, anxiety, cold limbs. Rarely: hallucinations, fainting, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, mydriasis, difficulty urinating and urinary retention, muscle tremor. In particularly sensitive patients or at higher doses, cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation or cardiac arrest), sudden increase in blood pressure (sometimes leading to cerebral hemorrhage), vasospasm (eg skin, mucous membranes, kidneys) may occur. The preparation contains sodium metabisulfite, which may cause allergic reactions (including anaphylactic reaction, life threatening reaction or asthma attacks in sensitive patients).
Dosage:
Intramuscularly (in the anterolateral part of the thigh). The effective dose is 0.005-0.01 mg / kg, but in some cases a higher dose may be necessary. If the allergy symptoms do not go away, the second dose (from another pre-filled syringe) can be given after 10-15 minutes. The injection site should be lightly massaged for 10 seconds after injection. Adults and children about the month of above 30 kg: 300 μg (0.3 ml). In children with a body weight of less than 30 kg, the preparation can be administered only in life-threatening situations (doses lower than 300 μg can not be given with adequate accuracy).
(C)
