Adsorbed tetanus vaccine (T) is used to actively immunize against tetanus. The vaccine is given to: adults and children not vaccinated against tetanus; adults, as a booster, after a period of 10 years from the last vaccination course or after the last booster; adults who have not received all basic immunization doses; children, if there are contraindications to vaccinations with diphtheria and / or pertussis-associated vaccines; people injured, exposed to infection with tetanus, in active immunization against tetanus or at the beginning of the disease and in the case of incomplete vaccinations, or the lack of documentation of vaccinations.
Composition:
1 dose (0.5 ml) contains not less than 40 IU tetanus toxoid adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, hydrated (not more than 1.25 mg of Al3+).
Action:
The active substance is tetanus toxoid, which retains the antigenic properties of the native toxin. It has strong antigenic properties and induces immune system response to produce specific antibodies to protect against tetanus infection. The condition for obtaining this resistance is to undergo a full cycle of protective vaccinations. After the first dose, low or no antibodies are found. IgM antibodies disappear within 1-3 months. After the second dose, IgG antibodies are produced - the period of increase of these antibodies is about 3 weeks. The third dose causes a full immune response after about 3 weeks. Protective IgG level of antibodies stays ok . 10 years. After subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, the vaccine is absorbed by simple diffusion from the injection site to the plasma. In the case of antigen, resorption is slowed down and lasts up to several days according to the release of tetanus toxoid by the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The antigen (tetanus toxoid), after fulfilling the role of the antibody inducer, is digested by macrophages.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Diseases in the acute phase with febrile states. Chronic diseases during the period of exacerbation. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. Vaccination can be carried out after the resolution of acute symptoms and after corticosteroid treatment.
Precautions:
Before deciding on the use of a vaccine, an interview should be conducted about the patient's allergic conditions and the previously received foreign-type sera and reactions to them. The vaccine contains thiomersal as a preservative and may cause allergic reactions.
Pregnancy and lactation:
There are no contraindications to vaccination against tetanus pregnant women in the last 2 months of pregnancy. There were no reports on the negative effects of the preparation on the lactation process.
Side effects:
Very rare: side effects at the injection site: redness, swelling, pain - these symptoms go away after 24 hours; general side effects: increased body temperature, feeling unwell. The reason may be too short intervals between consecutive doses or sensitization (hypersensitivity) to thiomersal or aluminum.
Dosage:
The 0.5 ml dose should be given deeply subcutaneously or intramuscularly.Basic vaccination (full vaccination course according to scheme 0., 1., 6.-12 months): the first two doses with an interval of not less than 4 to 6 weeks. The third booster dose after 6 months to 1 year from the second vaccination.Revaccination: one dose every 10 years since the last vaccination.Vaccination of wounded people (active immunization) - the vaccine is used according to individual indications in people exposed to tetanus infection depending on the risk of infection.In the case of low risk of infection: vaccinations based on basic scheme 0 are used for non-vaccinated individuals, with incomplete vaccinations or uncertain vaccination history; 1 .; 6th month; in people who have received primary or booster immunization more than 5 years ago, one booster dose is used.In the case of a high risk of infection: for non-vaccinated individuals, with incomplete vaccinations or uncertain vaccination history, simultaneous administration of the adsorbed tetanus (T) vaccine and tetanus antitoxin is recommended as indicated in the leaflet for this preparation, followed by subsequent doses of basic vaccination according to schedule 0; 1 .; 6th month; for those who received primary or booster immunization, with the last dose administered more than 10 years ago, one booster dose of tetanus adsorbed vaccine (T) and tetanus toxin as recommended by the leaflet for this preparation; in people who received primary or booster immunization, with the last dose administered 5-10 years ago, one dose-revising tetanus-adsorbed vaccine (T). When administered subcutaneously, remember that it is deep, because too shallow administration of the vaccine may result in a sterile abscess and the absorption of toxoid may be insufficient.
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