Database of diseases - Diabetes

DIABETES MASKS - SUSPENSION SYMPTOMS - IS DIABETES DIABETES?
    
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes type 2 can develop quite slowly in secret, not recognized. It is much more difficult to detect than the characteristic symptoms of stopping the production of own insulin in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, almost half of cases are diagnosed when the disease gets worse or when blood glucose levels are routinely determined for other reasons.
 

The diagnosis of diabetes is shown by high blood glucose values:

      WE ARE CONFIRMING WHEN:

1. Double-fast fasting glucose level exceeds 126 mg / dl (7.0 mmol / l)
2. When the plasma concentration in an accidental measurement is greater (or equal) 200 mg / 100 ml (11.1 mmol / l) and there are typical symptoms of diabetes.

 We recognize diabetes by measuring glucose with a glucometer



Hidden diabetes!

In unrecognized cases, especially in elderly people, type 2 diabetes develops in a hidden way, and without being treated deceitfully degrades health.

Symptoms of diabetes, although masked by other diseases, are however recognizable.

A typical symptom that should arouse suspicion of diabetes is difficult to explain increased thirst, - increased urination, eg 2-3 times more than the daily norm, constant physical and mental fatigue and general weakness. Suspicions should evoke difficult to explain changes in mood and attitude to life tasks, depression.

Of course, not all of these symptoms depend on the impaired glucose burning.

Depression or explosions may have another typical source. However, these symptoms are certainly the earliest and most common symptoms - therefore, despite many possible causes, they should be diagnosed also for this disease.

The disease masks behind which the diabetes is hidden include skin symptoms.

Name such symptoms as: skin pruritus, especially in the genital area, pruritus, boils, onychomycosis, bad wound healing, efflorescence dependent on the accumulation of fats in the skin, hair loss, etc.

A suspicion of diabetes can be also caused by rapidly progressing lesions of the gums and mouth and difficulties in their treatment.

For example, resistant to the treatment of periodontal abscesses, persistent thrush or oral yeast infections. With the exclusion of immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics, etc. used at this time, all these ailments may be taken into account as the hidden symptoms of diabetes.

Disorder of taste, mouth burning for no reason - a sign of hidden diabetes?

The symptom of masked disease in the elderly may be disturbances in the taste sensation, which may be caused by the unrecognized diabetic neuropathy. Although pronounced peripheral diabetic neuropathy is a rare symptom of diabetic complications, it often reveals itself in a limited form as an oral cavity or tongue.

A DISEASE AFTER YEARS REVEAL TYPICAL COMPLICATIONS

microangiopathy

it is a serious structural change in the capillaries of many organs in diabetes such as retina (

These are first of all the so-called diabetic microangiopathies - retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy.

These complications are serious pathologies that result from a disease that has not been diagnosed for many years and is highly advanced. The disease can sometimes take place over a dozen or so years before the first symptoms appear which at the same time allow to identify the primary cause - diabetes. retinopathy); kidneys, (nephropathy); nervous system (neuropathy); Feet (diabetic foot syndrome)

How to detect retinopathy?

A thorough method to detect early diabetic complications within the retina is a thorough eye examination.The stimulus for such a study should be, for example, blurred to explain blurred vision. Among various reasons, this may also be the result of the penetration of glucose into the eye lens. It changes its shape, blurring the visual acuity. This disorder disappears slowly after the treatment is implemented.

How to detectnephropathy?

In the case of renal complications, known as nephropathy, the disease is manifested by proteinuria - the presence of protein in the urine.

pathomechanismnephropathy

This complication of diabetes results from damage to the small blood vessels of the glomerulus. This results in the excretion of albumins and other proteins in urine. Progressive vascular damage leads to serious functional impairment and to renal failure. Early diagnosis of nephropathy requires very sensitive measurements of injured portions of urine or a 24-hour sample. However, diagnostic alertness and periodic examinations are necessary in the face of drastic consequences of the hidden long-term development of the disease. This applies no less to people with diabetes that has been revealed and treated.


Warning -advances in retinopathy and nephropathy are hidden!

You need to know that the progress of retinopathy and nephropathy is particularly dangerous, because it is hidden and asymptomatic. Explicit manifestations of nephropathy develop only after 10 years, and visible changes in the retina of the eye are rarely seen before the age of 15 diabetes. All the more vigilance is the "weight of life", because the degeneration of microvessels in the eye, which is clinically apparent after many years, may turn out to be progressive irreversible blindness and end-stage insufficiency in the kidneys and require dialysis.

VISIBLE SYMPTOMS OF NEUROPATHY

It is different with complications of diabetic neuropathy within the nervous system, the symptoms of which may appear at any moment of the disease.

Neuropathy takes many visible forms

symptoms

neuropathy is felt as: numbness, burning, burning, lack of feeling in the skin, especially fingers and toes, increased muscle cramps (at night) or muscle weakness, or paralysis, paresis of one of the nerves.

What "breaks" in the nerve fibers under the influence of excess sugar in the blood?

In type II diabetes (not requiring insulin injections) lack of good control and excess sugar causes a weakening of the rate of the nerve conduction of stimuli. This exemption is progressive and every year the conductivity decreases by nearly 1 m / sec. In type I diabetes (requiring insulin injections) - poor glycemic control, the deterioration of nerve fiber activity is the fastest, immediately after the onset of diabetes. Over the next 2-3 years this process is released.

Diabetes - neuropathy and damaged "nerves"

DIABETES MASK - GYNECOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS

Diabetes masks are gynecological symptoms.

This can be, for example, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal mycosis, menstrual disorders. After excluding the possibility that this is a complication of antibiotic treatment, and a thorough interview, the GP should consider this possibility and detect the disease.

Obstetric problems should be taken into account in women

Each failed pregnancy should be an indication to perform at least a glucose tolerance test.

In men, the mask of hidden diabetes may be an erectile dysfunction

In men, the symptom of secretly running diabetes may be impotence due to penile erection insufficiency. After many years of unrecognized disease, the disease may appear as damage to the innervation of the penile corpora, but it can also be one of the first symptoms of diabetes.

One should also mention the so-called risk factors for developing diabetes.

These include inheritance of the disease (genetic burden), tendency to obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, brain, lower limbs; reduced resistance to viral, bacterial, mycosis, etc; diseases of the liver and pancreas, gallstones and urinary tract. People with these risk factors should periodically undergo an oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes.

At the end, you have to remember that you can sometimes be mistaken in the diagnosis of diabetes

Common symptoms of diabetes can be caused by other illness, medication or stress. In some cases, diabetes is masked by magnifying or imitating other diseases. However, early diagnosis is necessary because an untreated disease increases the incidence of heart attack, stroke, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and other serious diseases.Similar risks for complications are also posed by poorly controlled and treated type 1 diabetes.

ed. Edward Ozga Michalski, MA
consultation of prof. dr hab. med. Andrzej Danysz