Hematoma is a symptom of a small haemorrhage from damaged vessels into the body. However, you can not confuse hematoma with so-called internal discharge, in which large blood vessels are damaged and bleeding is long and abundant. The cause of the hematoma may be a large fall force on the ground, eg falling from a bicycle or hitting a hard object with a hard object (stone, etc.) or hammering a finger, etc.. Such injuries usually only cause damage to numerous subcutaneous blood vessels.
Dig. Areaformation of hematoma - a small subcutaneous haemorrhage from damaged capillaries:
A - epidermis; B - dermis; C - subcutaneous tissue They can be damaged and bleed:
1. Cutaneous and vascular papillomas
2. The hook of the hair shaft
3. Sebaceous gland
4. Hair
5. Blood capillaries
6. Fat cells
7. Micro arteries and veins of the skin
8. Sweat glands
9. Hair follicle
10. Endings of nerve receptors
The contaminating hemorrhage is revealed only after some time
"Poured" into the tissues in the first moments can be invisible. It is only after a certain time that the hematoma is gradually absorbed (resorption), which is manifested by changes in the color of the injury site, from dark navy through the shades of brown to yellow. In addition, the effects of the attack release a number of inflammatory mediators - resulting in local inflammation, swelling and pain. Large hematomas require a surgeon's consultation. It is worth noting that even after minor injuries large hematomas can arise in people who are particularly sensitive to injuries - ie those suffering from hypertension, people with hemorrhagic diathesis; and also in those parts of the body where there is a dense network of blood vessels (head, face, knee). Haematomas in internal organs should be examined using ultrasound.
Absorption of the hematoma
When the hematoma is already formed, its absorption begins. Enzymatic degradation and resorbing of blood components occurs by specialized cells. As the blood components decompose, the change becomes brownish, greenish, dark yellow, and finally disappears. A small hematoma, formed after a slight blow or fall, will absorb itself. However, it is better to apply a cold compress immediately after the injury - when blood flows out of damaged vessels. "Cold" constricts the vessels and limits the area of the haemorrhage. Cold compresses should be used for the first 3-4 days (we remind you: they should be applied by the material and not directly on the skin); and then warm compresses.
DRUGS TO SUPPORATE KRWIAK
We will accelerate the absorption of the hematoma using appropriate medications.
These are usually over-the-counter skin care medicines. Such preparations include ointments, gels based on heparin. They are often supplemented with a medicinal plant substance - escin - or with other additional substances, such as: diethylamine salicylate, hyaluronidase, etc.
Heparin applied topically to the skin
Heparin, as well as heparinoid (polysulfate mucopolysaccharide) - are the basic drugs that accelerate the absorption of hematomas, petches and infiltrates. An equally important role is to prevent superficial thrombi and to facilitate the dissolution of existing ones. The topical drug acts on the skin anti-swelling and inhibits superficial inflammatory processes after injuries. Therefore, they are most often recommended by doctors in the case of swelling, bruises and hematomas after injuries.As well as supporting the treatment of sports injuries - such as: strains of muscles, tendons and ligaments; sprains and dislocations. These substances also normalize blood viscosity, vascular permeability and the ability to bind water through intercellular subcutaneous tissue. They work for a long time and relieve pain and tension and shorten the duration of the disease
Escin - healing compounds derived from chestnuts
Helpful in the treatment of flowers and swellings are also compounds from the popular chestnut - the so-called aescin. This substance seals the finest venous vessels, preventing edema. It improves circulation within small vessels, helping to eliminate abnormal fluid reservoirs in the tissue. Escin also seals the endothelium of venous walls. This prevents the seepage of blood plasma and proteins, which is the cause of summer leg swelling. It also prevents thrombosis and thrombophlebitis by reducing blood clotting. In a word, it helps in the prevention of varicose veins. Unlike many synthetic drugs with anti-edematous action, horse chestnut extract has no damaging effects on the blood. Saponins, because of their complementary healing properties, are often combined in heparin or hyaluronidase preparations, which increases the permeability of tissues, facilitates the resorption of hematomas, reduces swelling and exudation.
Heparin-based drugs, including in combination with chestnut saponins
These are such popular preparations as: Hirudoid® (ointment-gel); Heparin-Hasco (gel); Heparinum (cream); Lioton® 1000 (gel); Reparil® Gel N (gel) Aescin (gel) Esceven® (gel); Haematoven® Gel (gel); Helason® (ointment); Savarix (gel), etc.
First aid herb - arnica
For years, the first aid herb supporting the treatment of bruises and hematomas is mountain arnica extract (Arnica motana). The extract used as a compress for injuries without damage to the skin and external bleeding - effectively anti-inflammatory and stimulates tissue blood circulation. Arnica facilitates the absorption of bloody bruises. It also accelerates the healing process in the case of sprains combined with inflammation and edema. Mountain arnica extracts used externally in the form of rubbing and compresses are a strong deodorant, aseptic and antifungal agent. Warning! However, you should not use mountain arnica extracts on damaged skin. Some people also show high hypersensitivity to the arnica. You should also be very careful with the oral administration of arnica extract. It is used infrequently and should be strictly controlled, as indicated and given by a doctor or pharmacist, since taking too much is very toxic.
In the pharmacy you will find extracts of liquid arnica, ointments and gel, often with the addition of substances that facilitate the absorption of anti-inflammatory edema
