Children often fall over, and then their knees and elbows are exposed to rubbing the skin and bruises. Broken knee often affects adults as well, and inadequately treated, it can cause a lot of ailments.
1. OPENING, SHOCKING AND SINIAK
Perfection of the epidermis
In such cases, it is necessary to gently but thoroughly clean the injury site - for example with warm water and soap. Next, we disinfect the abrasion with one of the public funds, which offer a wide range of liquids and gels offered by pharmacies. These are traditional agents such as salicylic alcohol ("tweaks" in the leg), or hydrogen peroxide (short-acting) or modern preparations based on chlorhexidine, etc. For disinfection should not use colored liquid preparations that make it difficult to observe the site of injury. Also, it is better not to cover the whole knee or other part of the body with a tight disposable dressing surrounded by a plaster. A large area of abrasions, if not thoroughly cleaned, easily undergoes purulent infections, which prolongs the healing time and can lead to complications. It is worth recommending that all extracts from Arnica arnica be disinfected for disinfection. Used externally - in the form of rubbing, compresses, ointments, gels - they have been for decades an excellent deodorant, aseptic and antifungal agent. (More about the healing properties of mountain arnica at the end of the text).
When the bruise appears
Bruising usually occurs after a leg or hand in a hard surface. The dark navy color of the skin lesion at the site of impact is caused by damage to the small subcutaneous vessels and the exudate of blood to the tissues. However, it should not cause us great anxiety and force an immediate visit to the doctor. Skin changes in the form of bruises, petechiae or small hematomas are frequent and accompany us throughout life. They arise as a result of everyday injuries and bruises. (They form eg after injections or intravenous injection.) They do not look nice, but usually they do not pose a great threat. They are rather a normal response of the body to this type of frequent injury. Sometimes, however, some diseases - for example, blood clotting disorders, dispose of our body to hematomas and bruises, which then appear without a clear cause. At that time, however, they require specialist treatment and care.
Small bruises of the limbs
A bruise is a blunt injury without injury to the body and breakage of the skin. When the knee bruises and bruises after breaking the knee, the first aid consists in temporarily immobilizing the limb and then cooling the broken area with a cold compress. (with ice, a special spray). They accelerate the absorption of blood, continuous compresses - for the first 3-4 days cold and then warm. The best one is gauze dipped in water at a temperature of 10-15 ° C. In case of slight swelling and pain, topical preparations in the form of a cream, gel or ointment should be used. With more extensive bruises, consultation with a doctor is recommended.
Treatment of bruising
Bruising usually disappears under the influence of self-healing through the body. As time passes, the dark dye of blood is absorbed - the bruise fades, becomes greenish or yellow, and finally disappears after about 10 days. This is how the hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells, is broken down by the body. We have already mentioned that in order to reduce the initial pain, it is best to put something cold directly on the skin - ice, a special cooling gel, etc. Cold causes the blood vessels to shrink quickly, which prevents the blood from growing and reduces the bruising area.If, however, the local internal haemorrhage is accompanied by severe pain and swelling, while the bruise is "vivid" and large - it may be a more dangerous hematoma for health. The classic drug that prevents the formation of edema, hematomas and bruises is Altacet. A tablet of this water-soluble drug and in the form of a compress applied to the site of contusion usually contains aluminum-aluminum tartrate and auxiliary substances: boric acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. The newer generation of the drug is already in a convenient form of the cooling aerosol. Thanks to the menthol content, the modern preparation - Altacet Ice cools and anesthetizes the injury site, preventing hematomas and edema. It brings instant relief, absorbs quickly and does not leave an oily layer. The content of D-panthenol makes the product stimulate epithelial reconstruction, making the skin soft and flexible. It also has nurturing and moisturizing properties. Altacetu Ice includes: methylal, propane, butane, alcohol, menthol, panthenol.
2. PREPARATION IN THE CASE OF KRWIAK
Hematoma is a symptom of a small haemorrhage from damaged vessels into the body
However, you can not confuse hematoma with so-called internal discharge, in which large blood vessels are damaged and bleeding is long and abundant. The cause of the hematoma may be a large fall force on the ground, eg falling from a bicycle or hitting with a hard object (stone, etc.). Such injuries usually cause damage to numerous subcutaneous blood vessels. "Poured" into the tissues in the first moments can be invisible. It is only after a certain time that the hematoma is gradually absorbed (resorption), which is manifested by changes in the color of the injury site, from dark navy through the shades of brown to yellow. In addition, the effects of the attack release a number of inflammatory mediators - resulting in local inflammation, swelling and pain. Large hematomas require a surgeon's consultation. It is worth noting that even after minor injuries large hematomas can arise in people who are particularly sensitive to injuries - ie those suffering from hypertension, people with hemorrhagic diathesis; and also in those parts of the body where there is a dense network of blood vessels (head, face, knee). Haematomas in internal organs should be examined using ultrasound.
Absorption of the hematoma
When the hematoma is already formed, its absorption begins. Enzymatic degradation and resorbing of blood components occurs by specialized cells. As the blood components decompose, the change becomes brownish, greenish, dark yellow, and finally disappears. A small hematoma, formed after a slight blow or fall, will absorb itself. However, it is better to apply a cold compress immediately after the injury - when blood flows out of damaged vessels. "Cold" constricts the vessels and limits the area of the haemorrhage. Cold compresses should be used for the first 3-4 days (we remind you: they should be applied by the material and not directly on the skin); and then warm compresses.
DRUGS TO SUPPORATE KRWIAK
We will accelerate the absorption of the hematoma using appropriate medications.
These are usually over-the-counter skin care medicines. Such preparations include ointments, gels based on heparin. They are often supplemented with a medicinal plant substance - escin - or with other additional substances, such as: diethylamine salicylate, hyaluronidase, etc.
Heparin applied topically to the skin
Heparin, as well as heparinoid (polysulfate mucopolysaccharide) - are the basic drugs that accelerate the absorption of hematomas, petches and infiltrates. An equally important role is to prevent superficial thrombi and to facilitate the dissolution of existing ones. The topical drug acts on the skin anti-swelling and inhibits superficial inflammatory processes after injuries. Therefore, they are most often recommended by doctors in the case of swelling, bruises and hematomas after injuries. As well as supporting the treatment of sports injuries - such as: strains of muscles, tendons and ligaments; sprains and dislocations. These substances also normalize blood viscosity, vascular permeability and the ability to bind water through intercellular subcutaneous tissue. They work for a long time and relieve pain and tension and shorten the duration of the disease
Escin - healing compounds derived from chestnuts
Helpful in the treatment of flowers and swellings are also compounds from the popular chestnut - the so-called aescin. This substance seals the finest venous vessels, preventing edema.It improves circulation within small vessels, helping to eliminate abnormal fluid reservoirs in the tissue. Escin also seals the endothelium of venous walls. This prevents the seepage of blood plasma and proteins, which is the cause of summer leg swelling. It also prevents thrombosis and thrombophlebitis by reducing blood clotting. In a word, it helps in the prevention of varicose veins. Unlike many synthetic drugs with anti-edematous action, horse chestnut extract has no damaging effects on the blood. Saponins, because of their complementary healing properties, are often combined in heparin or hyaluronidase preparations, which increases the permeability of tissues, facilitates the resorption of hematomas, reduces swelling and exudation.
Heparin-based drugs, including in combination with chestnut saponins
These are such popular preparations as: Hirudoid® (ointment-gel); Heparin-Hasco (gel); Heparinum (cream); Lioton® 1000 (gel); Reparil® Gel N (gel) Aescin (gel) Esceven® (gel); Haematoven® Gel (gel); Helason® (ointment); Savarix (gel), etc.
First aid herb - arnica
For years, the first aid herb supporting the treatment of bruises and hematomas is mountain arnica extract (Arnica motana). The extract used as a compress for injuries without damage to the skin and external bleeding - effectively anti-inflammatory and stimulates tissue blood circulation. Arnica facilitates the absorption of bloody bruises. It also accelerates the healing process in the case of sprains combined with inflammation and edema. Mountain arnica extracts used externally in the form of rubbing and compresses are a strong deodorant, aseptic and antifungal agent. Warning! However, you should not use mountain arnica extracts on damaged skin. Some people also show high hypersensitivity to the arnica. You should also be very careful with the oral administration of arnica extract. It is used infrequently and should be strictly controlled, as indicated and given by a doctor or pharmacist, since taking too much is very toxic.
In the pharmacy you will find extracts of liquid arnica, ointments and gel, often with the addition of substances that facilitate the absorption of anti-inflammatory edema
YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF LEG
Strong knee contusions
A strong contusion is characterized by the fact that painful, sometimes numbness, swelling occurs immediately after the injury. If the blood spills into tissues separated from the skin by tight connective membranes - for example within the muscle or inside the joint capsule - swelling and pain do not have to be accompanied by a change in skin color, but the symptoms can be very high. Although sometimes the pain appears only after several dozen minutes after a serious injury, but it is very strong and prevents movement. Extravassed blood puts pressure on the surrounding venous vessels, causing local edema. The blood components undergoing the degradation process are saturated with plasma water, which causes the edema to grow even larger. Then the pain that prevents movement is usually starting to dominate. At the same time, pathological changes and damage to bones or joints are not visible on the X-ray.
Treatment of strong bruises
Once broken, the limb should be immobilized for a few days, which alleviates the ailments and accelerates the retching of the swelling, "sucking in" of blood haemorrhages. In many cases - eg bruises of the foot, ankle - it is sufficient to immobilize with a flexible bandage. There are numerous preparations for alleviating post-traumatic ailments - creams, ointments and anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and analgesic gels mentioned above. The healing substances contained in them after penetration of the skin in the painful place penetrate into the inflamed periarticular tissues and soothe the inflammatory reaction. Some of them have anti-oedematous properties and support the absorption of the hematoma. Remember, however, that it is unacceptable to cover them with foil, which, unfortunately, is still sometimes used. This procedure causes maceration and damage to the epidermis, which may be the cause of complications.
Severe injury - necessary medical diagnosis
If, despite home treatment, strong pain and swelling preventing movement of the joint dominate - the correct diagnosis may be made only by the orthopedic physician after a thorough clinical examination, possibly based on ultrasound. Such examination should be performed in a specialist facility to avoid reading errors, which can easily happen in the case of joints.Failure to take treatment in the event of a serious injury - e.g. sprains in the knee joint - can lead to long-lasting painful instability of the knee joint, which will make it difficult or even impossible to walk and may cause permanent damage. Only when we are sure that neither the knee joint nor the stabilizing apparatus (ligaments, tendons, etc.) are damaged, can we treat ourselves with the above-mentioned home methods.
ed. Edward Ozga-Michalski, MA
Piotr Tederko consultation
bow. surgeon
