This acute infectious disease of humans and animals is caused by a bacterium - anthrax stem. Human cases are zoonotic. Human or human infection is unlikely or very unlikely. The exception is the use of this bacterium as a biological weapon by terrorists, which has already happened, e.g. in the USA. Inhaling a volatile powder containing spore anthrax bacilli through the respiratory tract causes nearly 100% life-threatening.
1. WĄGLIK WHAT ARE YOU FOR A DISEASE?
Germs are bacteria - Anthrax bacilli (Bacillus anthracis)
The disease is caused by an aerobic gram-positive bacillus anthrocis. Although its spores are killed under the influence of 10 minutes of cooking - it is in a dried state, as so-called. spores can last up to 40 years.
Where do we meet anthrax bursae?
Anthrax bacteria can be found in soil and water almost all over the world. Anthrax occurs in Latin America, Asia and Africa; in Europe it is rather rare. It infects animal organisms that are an ideal development environment for them. Most often they are cows, sheep, goats, pigs, etc. They can also be transmitted by wild animals, birds and their droppings.
What do we know about anthrax spores?
They arise when anthrax bursae are in unfavorable conditions. The bacterium is then surrounded by an almost indestructible polypeptide shell. (They can be destroyed with highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (perhydrol), pressure steam sterilization, fire). Therefore, spores can be found not only in soil and in water, but also in bone meal or protein concentrates produced from infected animals.
How does anthrax infection occur?
The infection is most often caused by the spore anthrax bacillus entering the skin, for example cut or abraded. Less frequently, germs enter the human organism through the respiratory or digestive system - along with the food being taken. Nevertheless, it must be remembered that for a man, the meat of dead and dead animals, their excrements and products derived from them is pathogenic.
What is the mechanism of the disease?
Anthrax spores after penetration into the body are "phagocytized", i.e. devoured by macrophages. Macrophages are specialized defense cells of the immune system, which are relatively large and how amoebas eat and digest germs. Inside the macrophages, the bacilli are not digestible due to their indestructible coating. There is "germination" and the emergence of biologically active vegetative forms - anthrax bacilli. The bacilli then divide, break down macrophages and start secreting three proteins. Each of them is completely harmless, but when they join in the body, they form a deadly toxin.
Who most often suffers from anthrax infection?
The most threatened are people professionally associated with sick animals - veterinary workers, animal breeders, sorters and skin sorters, etc.
How do anthrax bursae attack humans?
Bacteria infect humans with several ways. Mainly by getting a spore to the skin, eg. Cut or abraded. The skin variety of anthrax is the most common, but also the mildest and curable. However, it must be emphasized that untreated kills every 5 patients! Rarely, an anthrax can get through the respiratory or digestive system - along with the food being taken. However, it is very dangerous at the time. The pulmonary form of the disease causes death within 1-2 days and is virtually incurable. (This form of infection is chosen by terrorists!). Intestinal form - it is diagnosed early to eradicate.In practice, however, more than 50% of infections end in death after three days of illness.
Depending on the way of anthrax spores infection in humans, we distinguish different forms of the course and symptoms of the disease:
- cutaneous,
- pulmonary,
- gastrointestinal
- severe anthracium sepsis (complication of w / w).
RED.
Pismiennnictwo
Medical encyclopedias, including the Little Encyclopedia of PWN
Anthrax - Truth and myths; Zdzisław Dziubek, Wojciech Basiak - PZWL Medical Publishing.
1. WRAGLIK - WHAT ARE YOU FOR A DISEASE?
2. SHOW SKIN OF INJECTION
3. POSTAÆ ŻŁŁONDĄOWO-JELITOWA PRZEMIAZIA ACCURACY
4. POSTAÆ LUNGS OF INFLUENCE WITH CARBOLIC FERTILIZER AND POSITIBILITY
5. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS WITH BRAKE
